Lab test 3: energy and metabolism

Question 1

___ must gain external energy in order to counteract the increase in their entropy

Answer 1

living things

Question 2

photosynthetic organisms use external ___ energy to maintain orderly structure

Answer 2

solar

Question 3

non-photosynthetic organisms use stored ___ in other living things to counter increasing entropy (disorder)

Answer 3

chemical energy

Question 4

chemical reactions are processes that form or break ___ between atoms.

Answer 4

chemical bonds

Question 5

chemical reactions convert ___ to ___

Answer 5

reactants to products

Question 6

___ release energy and the reactants contain more energy than the products

Answer 6

exergonic reactions

Question 7

___ require more input of energy; products contain more energy than reactants (ex: photosynthesis)

Answer 7

endergonic reactions

Question 8

___ molecules act as intermediates to carry energy between exergonic and endergonic reactions

Answer 8

energy carrier

Question 9

energy carrier molecules are only used ___ cells because they are unstable

Answer 9

within

Question 10

___ is the most common energy carrying molecule

Answer 10

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 11

the sum of all chemical reactions inside a cell is its ___. many cellular reactions are linked through metabolic pathways.

Answer 11

metabolism

Question 12

___ molecules arew employed to catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions in cells

Answer 12

enzyme

Question 13

nearly all cells metabolize ___ for energy

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

glucose metabolism is fairly ___

Answer 14

simple

Question 15

other organic molecules are converted to glucose for ___

Answer 15

energy harvesting

Question 16

production of carbon compounds like glucose (photosynthesis) is linked with energy extraction (in cellular respiration). ___, ___, ___, and ___ cycle between the two processes

Answer 16

water, carbon dioxide, sugar, and oxygen

Question 17

in plants: ___ dependent reactions

Answer 17

light

Question 18

chlorophyll and other molecules of the thylakoids capture ___ energy. sunlight energy is converted to the ___ molecules ___ and NADPH and oxygen gas is released as a by-product

Answer 18

sunlight
energy carrier molecules
ATP

Question 19

During glucose breakdown, all cells release the solar energy that was originally captured by plants through photosynthesis, and use it to make ___

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

the overall equation for the complete breakdown of glucose is: C6H1206 —> ___

Answer 20

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 21

Glycolysis:
occurs in the \_\_\_
does not require \_\_\_
breaks \_\_\_ into pyruvate
yields \_\_\_ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose
if oxygen is absent \_\_\_ occurs

Answer 21

cytosol
oxygen
glucose
2
fermentation

Question 22

pyruvate is converted into either lactate, or into ethanol and ___

Answer 22

carbon dioxide

Question 23

(glycolysis)

if oxygen is present ____ occurs

Answer 23

cellular respiration

Question 24

cellular respiration occurs in ___ (in eukaryotes)
requires ___
breaks down pyruvate into ___ and ___
produces an additional ___ ATP molecules, depending on the cell type

Answer 24

mitochondria
oxygen
carbon dioxide and water
28-30

Question 25

(fermentation)
yeast cells perform ___
___ is fermented to ethanol and ___

Answer 25

alcoholic fermentation

glucose and CO2