Chapter 12: cell meiosis (test 3)

Question 1

The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or ___

Answer 1

cell division

Question 2

In unicellular organisms, division of one cell ___

Answer 2

reproduces the entire organism

Question 3

Multicellular eukaryotes depend on cell division for​

___

___

___

Answer 3

Development from a fertilized cell​

Growth​

Repair

Question 4

Cell division is an integral part of the ___, the life of a cell from formation to its own division

Answer 4

cell cycle

Question 5

Most cell division results in genetically identical ___ cells

Answer 5

daughter

Question 6

Most cell division results in ___ cells with identical genetic information, DNA​

The exception is ___, a special type of division that can produce sperm and egg cells

Answer 6

daughter

meiosis

Question 7

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s ___

Answer 7

genome

Question 8

In prokaryotic cells, a genome can consist of ___ DNA molecule ​

In eukaryotic cells, a genome consists of a number of ___

Answer 8

a single

DNA molecules

Question 9

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into ___

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

___cells (nonreproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes

Answer 10

Somatic

Question 11

___ (reproductive cells: sperm and eggs) have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells

Answer 11

Gametes

Question 12

Eukaryotic chromosomes ___ of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division

Answer 12

consist

Question 13

In preparation for cell division, DNA is ___ and the chromosomes ___

Answer 13

replicated

condense

Question 14

(Distribution of Chromosomes During Eukaryotic Cell Division)

Each duplicated chromosome has two sister ___ (joined copies of the original chromosome)

The ___ is the narrow “waist” of the duplicated chromosome, where the two chromatids are most closely attached

Answer 14

chromatids

centromere

Question 15

During cell division, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome ___ and move into two nuclei

Once separate, the chromatids are called ___

Answer 15

separate

chromosomes

Question 16

Eukaryotic cell division consists of​

___, the division of the genetic material in the​
nucleus​

___, the division of the cytoplasm​

Answer 16

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Question 17

The cell cycle consists of​

___(M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)​

___ (cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division)​

(The majority of the cell cycle is interphase)​

Answer 17

Mitotic

Interphase

Question 18

___ (about 90% of the cell cycle)​

G1 phase (“first gap”)​

S phase (“synthesis”)​

G2 phase (“second gap”)​

The cell grows during all three phases, but chromosomes are duplicated only during the​
S phase

Answer 18

Interphase

Question 19

G2 of Interphase

Chromosomes have been ___​

Duplicated chromosomes are uncondensed ___

Nucleus and nucleolus are intact​

___has been replicated.

Answer 19

duplicated

“chromatin”​

Centrosome

Question 20

Prophase

Chromosomes are ___, consist of 2 sister chromatids​

___ forming as centrosomes move apart.

Answer 20

condensed

Early mitotic spindle

Question 21

Prometaphase

Nuclear envelope ___​

During prometaphase, some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and begin to move the chromosomes ​

___ are protein complexes associated with centromeres

Answer 21

broken down

Kinetochores

Question 22

At metaphase, the chromosomes are all lined up at the ___, a plane midway between the spindle’s two poles

Answer 22

metaphase plate

Question 23

In ___ the sister chromatids separate and move along the microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell​

The microtubules shorten by depolymerizing at their kinetochore ends. Once separated the sister chromatids are chromosomes.

Answer 23

anaphase

Question 24

In ___, genetically identical daughter nuclei form at opposite ends of the cell​

___ begins during anaphase or telophase and the spindle eventually disassembles

Answer 24

telophase

Cytokinesis

Question 25

The ___ is a structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis​

In animal cells, assembly of spindle microtubules begins in the ___, the microtubule organizing center​

An ___ (a radial array of short microtubules) extends from each centrosome

Answer 25

mitotic spindle

centrosome

aster

Question 26

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process called ___, forming a cleavage furrow

Answer 26

cleavage

Question 27

Plant cells contain a cell wall so the mechanism of cytokinesis is different.​

In plant cells, cytokinesis occurs by vesicles that move from the Golgi along microtubules to the middle of the cell-forming a ___

Answer 27

cell plate

Question 28

Prokaryotes reproduce by a type of cell division called ___

In binary fission, the chromosome replicates (beginning at the origin of replication), and the two daughter chromosomes actively move apart​

The plasma membrane pinches inward, dividing the cell into two

Answer 28

binary fission (split in 2)​

Question 29

The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by a distinct ___ control system, which is similar to a clock​

The cell cycle control system is regulated by both internal and external controls​

The clock has specific ___ where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received

Answer 29

cell cycle

checkpoints

Question 30

___ do not respond normally to the body’s control mechanisms​

A normal cell is converted to a cancerous cell by a process called ___

Cancer cells that are not eliminated by the immune system form tumors, masses of abnormal cells.​

If abnormal cells remain only at the original site, the lump is called a ___

Answer 30

Cancer cells

transformation​

benign tumor

Question 31

Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can ___, exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body, where they may form additional tumors​

To treat metastatic cancers, chemotherapies that target the cell cycle may be used

Answer 31

metastasize