Lab #2 Flashcards
A chemical formula also called a… molecular formula (example for molecular Hydrogen…)
H2
A structural formula (example for methane)
Carbon
C
Atom color: black
electrons in valence shell: 4
number of covalent bonds that can be formed: 4
Hydrogen
H
Atom color: white
electrons in valence shell: 1
number of covalent bonds that can be formed: 1
Oxygen
O
Atom color: red
electrons in valence shell: 6
number of covalent bonds that can be formed: 2
Nitrogen
N
Atom color: blue
electrons in valence shell: 5
number of covalent bonds that can be formed: 3
Sulfur
S
Atom color: yellow
electrons in valence shell: 6 number of covalent bonds that can be formed: 2
Phosphorus
P
Atom color: purple
electrons in valence shell: 5
number of covalent bonds that can be formed: 5
Hydroxyl (alcohol)
-OH polar side groups
Methyl
-CH3 Non-polar group
Amine (amino)
-NH2 Polar side group
Carboxyl
-COOH very polar side group
Carbonyl (aldehyde)
-CHO Reactive polar group
Carbonyl (ketone)
>CO reactive polar group
Sulfhydryl
-SH similar to hydroxyl (polar side group)
usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
examples: glucose, fructose, starch, glycogen, cellulose
Carbohydrate
contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water examples: oil, fat, waxes in plant cuticle, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol
Lipid
Chains of amino acids; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur examples: keratin silk, hemoglobin
Protein
made of nucleotide subunits containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. May consist of a single nucleotide or long chain of nucleotides. examples: DNA, RNA, ATP, cyclic AMP
Nucleic Acid
___ means that a molecule has a carbon backbone with some hydrogen thrown in for good measure.
organic
