Chapter 4: carbon and the molecular diversity of life

Question 1

Although cells are 70–95% water, the rest consists mostly of ___ compounds

Answer 1

carbon-based

Question 2

In Organic Compounds carbon atoms are bound to atoms of:

Answer 2

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur Phosphorus

Question 3

___ is the study of compounds that contain carbon

Answer 3

Organic chemistry

Question 4

With four valence electrons, carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms This ___ makes large, complex molecules possible

Answer 4

tetravalence

Question 5

___ are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons

Question 6

Chemical groups known as ___ affect molecular function through involvement in chemical reactions.

Answer 6

functional groups

Question 7

___ are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Answer 7

Functional groups

Question 8

The seven functional groups that are most important in the chemistry of life:​

Answer 8

Hydroxyl group​ Carbonyl group​ Carboxyl group​ Amino group​ Sulfhydryl group​ Phosphate group​ Methyl group

Question 9

One phosphate molecule, ___, is the primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell ​

Answer 9

adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups

Question 10

___ are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

Answer 10

Isomers

Question 11

___ isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Answer 11

Structural

Question 12

___ isomers have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements

Answer 12

Cis-trans

Question 13

are isomers that are mirror images of each other

Answer 13

Enantiomers

Question 14

Hydroxyl

Answer 14

Question 15

Carbonyl

Answer 15

Question 16

Amino

Answer 16

Question 17

Sulfhydryl

Answer 17

Question 18

Phosphate

Answer 18

Question 19

Methyl

Answer 19