Lab #3 Flashcards
Carbohydrate: Usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the approximate formula (CH2O)
Monosaccharide: Simple sugar with formula C6H1206
example: glucose function: important energy source for cells; subunit of polysaccharides
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Carbohydrate: Usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the approximate formula (CH2O)
Disaccharide: two monosaccharides bonded together
examples: - fructose - energy storage molecule in fruits and honey
sucrose - principal sugar transported throughout bodies of land plants
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Carbohydrate: Usually contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, in the approximate formula (CH2O)
Polysaccharide: many monosaccharides (usually glucose) bonded together
examples: - starch - energy storage in plants
glycogen - energy storage in animals
cellulose - structural material in plants
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Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
Triglyceride: three fatty acids bonded to glycerol
examples: oil, fat - energy storage in animals, some plants
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Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
wax: variable numbers of fatty acids bonded to long chain alcohol
examples: waxes in plant cuticle - waterproof covering on leaves and stems of land plants
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Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
Phospholipid: polar phosphate group and two fatty acids bonded to glycerol
example: phosphatidylcholine - component of cell membranes
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Lipid: contains high proportion of carbon and hydrogen; usually nonpolar and insoluble in water
Steroid: four fused rings of carbon atoms with fucntional groups attached
examples: cholesterol - common component of membranes of eukaryotic cells; precursor for other steroids such as testosterone, bile salts
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Protein: chains of amino acids; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
peptide: short chain of amino acids
example: keratin silk - hellical protein, principal component of hair beta pleated sheet protein produced by silk moths and spiders
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Protein: chains of amino acids; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
polypeptide: long chain of amino acids; also called “protein”
example: hemoglobin - globular protein composed of four subunit peptides; transport of oxyggen in vertebrate blood
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Nucleic acid: made of nucleotide subunits containing carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. may consist of a single nucleotide or long chain of nucleotides.
long chain nucleic acids: polymer of nucleotide subunits
examples: DNA - genetic material of all living cells RNA - genetic material of some viruses; in cells, essential in transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein
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Nucleic acid: made of nucleotide subunits containing carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. may consist of a single nucleotide or long chain of nucleotides.
Single nucleotides Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
examples: principal short term energy carrier molecule in cells cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) - intracellular messenger
‘member?
fatty acid (unsaturated)
Hydrogen
Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
Oxygen