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Bio 1 > Lab test #1 > Flashcards

Lab test #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

ms parts

A
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2
Q

magnification levels

A 
4x = scanning
10x = low power
40x = high power or high dry
100x = oil immersion
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3
Q

ms part: ocular

A

the lens at the top of the microscope that you look through. They eyepiece is usually 10x or 15x power.

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4
Q

ms part: Tube

A

connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.

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5
Q

ms part: Arm

A

supports the tube and connects it to the base of the microscope.

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6
Q

ms part: Base

A

the bottom of the microscope, used for support.

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7
Q

ms part: light

A

a steady light source (110v) used in place of a mirror. If your microscope has a mirror, it is used to reflect light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage.

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8
Q

ms part: stage

A

the flat platform where you place your slides. Stage clips hold the slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it forward and back.

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9
Q

ms part: revolving nosepiece

A

this is the part of the microscope that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power (magnification).

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10
Q

ms part: objective lenses

A

usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. They almost always consist of 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x powers. When coupled with a 10x (most common) eyepiece lens, we get total magnification of 40x (4x times 10x), 100x, 400x, and 1000x.

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11
Q

ms part: condenser lens

A

the purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the light onto the specimen. Condenser lenses are most useful at the highest powers (400x and above). Microscopes with a stage condenser lens render a sharper image than those with no lens (at 400x). If your microscope has a maximum power of 400x, you will get the maximum benefit by using a condenser lenses rated at 0.65 NA or greater. 0.65 NA condenser lenses may be mounted in the stage and work quite well. A big advantage to a stage mounted lens is that there is one less focusing item to deal with. If you go to 1000x then you should have a focusable condenser lens with an N.A. of 1.25 or greater. Most 1000x microscopes use 1.25 Abbe condenser lens systems. The Abbe condenser lens can be moved up and down. It is set very close to the slide at 1000x and moved further away at the lower powers.

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12
Q

ms part: diaphragm or iris

A

Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide. There is no set rule regarding which setting to use for a particular power. Rather, the setting is a function of the transparency of the specimen, the degree of contrast you desire and the particular objective lens in use.

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13
Q

Parfocal microscope

A

objectives stay in focus when magnification is changed; i.e., if the microscope is switched from a higher power objective (e.g., 40×) to a lower power objective (e.g., 10×), the object stays in focus.

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14
Q

1.8mm is equal to how many microns?

.4 mm is equal to how many microns?

A

1800 microns

400 microns

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15
Q

-OH

A

Hydroxyl

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16
Q

CH3

A

Methyl

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17
Q

NH2

A

Amine

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18
Q

-COOH

A

Carboxyl

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19
Q

-CHO

A

carbonyl (aldehyde)

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20
Q

=CO

A

Carbonyl (ketone)

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21
Q

-SH

A

sulfhydryl

22
Q

H2

A

molecular hydrogen

23
Q

CH3OH

A

Methyl Alcohol

24
Q

O2

A

molecular oxygen

25
Q

H20

A

water

26
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

27
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

28
Q

CH4

A

methane

29
Q

CH3CH2OH

A

ethyl alcohol

30
Q

CH3OCH3

A

dimethyl ether

31
Q

C6H1206

A

glucose

32
Q

NH2CH2COOH

A

glycine

33
Q

CH3(CH2)nCOOH

A

fatty acid (saturated)

34
Q

CH3CH=CH(CH2)nCOOH

A

fatty acid (unsaturated)

35
Q

C3H8O3

A

glycerol

36
Q

Test for proteins…

A

millon test - assays for a phenol group of amino acid tyrosine

biuret test - assays for peptide bonds in protein

37
Q

test for carbohydrates…

A

benedict’s test - tests for free aldehyde or ketone groups of reducing sugars ex: glucose

glucose reduces Cu2+ to benedict’s solution to Cu+ which forms a red solution

(this won’t work with disaccharides)

disaccharides must be treated with HCI first so that it’s converted to glucose. then you can try benedict’s test

38
Q

Iodine test

A

tests for polysaccharides. iodine turns black blue color

39
Q

lipids test

A

grease spot test - translucent grease spot left on brown paper

sudan IV dye test - lipid solube solution has affinity for lipids. attaches to dye and then dye will be seperate from solution confirming presence of lipids

40
Q

___ is the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space(molecules move from areas of higher to lower concentration)

A

Diffusion

41
Q

At ___, as many molecules cross one way as cross in the other direction

A

dynamic equilibrium

42
Q

___ is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

43
Q

___ is the erratic, random movement of particles suspended in a fluid resulting from their collision with molecules in the fluid

A

Brownian movement

44
Q

___: Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net water movement across the plasma membrane

A

Isotonic solution

45
Q

___: Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

A

Hypertonic solution

46
Q

___ is the contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

A

plasmolysis

47
Q

___ is the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

A

active transport

48
Q

___ is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane.

A

concentration gradient

49
Q

___ is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

A

Turgor pressure

50
Q

1 m = ? cm?

1 cm = ? many mm?

1mm = ? many micrometers)

A

1m = 100 cm

1cm = 10 mm

1mm = 1000 micrometers

51
Q
A

Bio 1 (34 decks)

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