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A&P II > Lab Quiz 12 & 13 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 12 & 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Bartholin’s Glands

A

Secrete lubricating fluid to keep the vagina lubricated during sex, they lie Deep to the labia Majora

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2
Q

Mons pubis

A

Area of adipose tissue covered by pubic hair

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3
Q

Prepuce

A

Labia minora join to form this hood-like structure that covers the clitoris

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4
Q

usual site of fertilization

A

The ampulla of the ovary

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5
Q

Outside of ovary

A

Layer of connective tissue called the tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Ovary cortex

A

Where the ova are formed

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7
Q

Ovary medulla

A

Inner section of ovary that contains blood vessels and supporting tissue (stroma).

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8
Q

Passageway of ovarian artery/veins, lymphatic vessels and nerves

A

The suspensory ligament

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9
Q

What causes the spike in LH around day 14?

A

Rise in estrogen (estradiol)

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10
Q

What is the result of the increase in LH levels?

A

Surge in follicular fluid leads to ovulation

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11
Q

Why do progesterone levels rise on or around day 15?

A

The corpus luteum forms from the now empty follicle and releases progesterone

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12
Q

What happens in the uterine cycle as a result of the increase in progesterone?

A

Promotes glandular growth in the stratum functionalis of the endometrium and fluid accumulates and causing a thickening of the endometrium

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13
Q

What is the relationship btwn the formation of the corpus albicans and the decreasing progesterone levels?

A

The corpus luteum shrivels up and forms the corpus albicans and no longer releases progesterone

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14
Q

Around which day of the uterine cycle is the uterine lining the thickest?

A

Around day 20

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15
Q

In what phase of the ovarian cycle is the max thickness reached? Uterine cycle>

A

In the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle

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16
Q

Why don’t we count ovulation as the first day of the female cycle?

A

Because it is not outwardly noticeable to the female

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17
Q

What hormone is most important in preventing the shedding of the stratum functionalis?

A

Progesterone

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18
Q

A common, sudden, sharp pain in the lower belly felt by pregnant women that only last for a few seconds is caused by?

A

The contraction of the round ligament. Round ligament is connected to the muscles of walking

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19
Q

A woman feels an interior lump near her labia. A day later it is larger and painful to the touch. She’s diagnosed with an infection. What is infected?

A

Her bartholin glands

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20
Q

Pap smear

A

An examination of cervical cells that is looking for signs of cervical cancer

21
Q

3 external openings in the perineum

A

Vaginal and urethral orifices, and the anus

22
Q

2 functions of the vagina

A

The birth canal and the site of sperm deposition

23
Q

The fundus of the uterus is opposite what opening?

A

The cervix

24
Q

Structures eggs travels through from point of ovulation to where it implants

A

Ovary, fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus, stratum functionalis of the endometrium

25
Q

Primordial follicle vs primary follicle

A

Primordial follicle has a single layer of follicular cells and a primary follicle’s cells change to cuboidal cells surrounding the ovum

26
Q

Primary follicle vs secondary follicle

A

Primary follicle’s cuboidal cells undergo mitosis forming the granulosa cells around the developing ovum and it is now classified as a secondary follicle

27
Q

Secondary follicle vs tertiary follicle

A

Secondary follicle’s granulosa cells begin secreting follicular fluid which creates the antrum, a fluid filled space inside the follicle. Presence of the antrum makes it a tertiary follicle

28
Q

Mature follicle vs corpus luteum

A

After the mature follicle releases the ovum during ovulation the follicle remains but now it has an empty interior. The follicle with no egg is the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone and estradiol (estrogen)

29
Q

What occurs in involution?

A

The corpus luteum shrinks and becomes the scar like tissue called the corpus albicans

30
Q

What hormone would you give a woman that’s having trouble producing ova?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to promote the production of mature follicles from primordial cells

31
Q

Bell-clapper deformity

A

The testis is not attached to the spermatic cord and is free to swing inside the scrotum

32
Q

Cryptochidism

A

One or both of the testes of an infant have not descended into the scrotal sac by the first birthday. The testes have to be surgically descended because sperm cannot survive at the internal body temp of 37C , they need to be at 35C to survive

33
Q

Hypospadias

A

Birth defect in which the external urethral orifice is not at the tip of the penis but somewhere on the underside of the penis

34
Q

Enlargement of the prostate and its affect

A

Common in elderly men, rarely painful but enlarged prostate squeeze the prostatic urethra and makes it difficult to urinate

35
Q

How many sperm are produced per day by a young, healthy male?

A

450 million sperm

36
Q

2 functions of the penis

A

Elimination of urine and excretion of sperm

37
Q

Structures sperm travels through from the point it becomes a spermatozoon to the exterior body

A

Seminiferous tubules, rete testis, head, body, and tail of the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, external urethral orifice

38
Q

What effect would the absence of interstitial cells would have on male fertility?

A

Without interstitial cells, testosterone levels would be low and the spermatogonia would not mature into sperm ready to fertilize

39
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

Follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase

40
Q

Follicular Phase

A

This phase starts on the first day blood exits the vagina. FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland. Primordial follicles have receptors for FSH and begin folliculogenesis. One follicle becomes the dominant follicle and its granulosa cells secrete estradiol to increase its number of FSH receptors. Estradiol causes pituitary to stop releasing FSH and all but the dominant follicle stop maturing.

41
Q

Ovulation Phase

A

Estradiol continues to increase and causes lutienizing hormone (LH) to be released. LH creates surge of follicular fluid in the mature follicle and leads to ovulation

42
Q

Luteal Phase

A

LH causes empty follicle to become corpus luteum that produces estradiol and progesterone. In there is no fertilization the corpus luteum becomes the corpus albicans and estradiol levels drop. Estradiol has been inhibiting the release of FSH from the pituitary gland but now that estradiol production has ceased, the pituitary is not inhibited and begins secreting FSH again and the ovarian cycle starts over agin

43
Q

Phases of the uterine cycle during ovarian follicular cycle

A

Menstrual phase and proliferation phase

44
Q

Phases of uterine cycle during ovarian ovulation and luteal cycles

A

Secretory phase and premenstural phase at the end of the ovarian luteal cycle

45
Q

Menstrual phase

A

Day 1 of the uterine cycle because it marks the first time a woman is outwardly aware of changes in her uterus. Typically lasts between 5-7 days

46
Q

Proliferation phase

A

Estradiol secreted from the developing mature follicle causes cells in the endometrium to begin diving rapidly to form the stratum functionalis on top of the always present stratum basalis. Stratum functionalis forms the layer that accepts the fertilized egg. The cells of this layer form progesterone receptors. Occurs between days 7 to 14

47
Q

Secretory phase

A

Corpus luteum forms in the ovary and begins secreting progesterone. Progesterone promotes glandular growth in stratum functionalis and fluid accumulates and thickens this layer. Blood vessels also grow into the stratum functionalis. Occurs between days 14-26

48
Q

Premenstrual Phase

A

If no fertilized egg has implanted in the stratum functionalis, the corpus luteum stops progesterone production and without progesterone the blood vessels to the stratum functionalis collapse and the cells begin to die. As they die they are shed and become part of menstrual fluid. Occurs between days 26-28.

49
Q

Uterine cycle length

A

Varies person to person but can be as short as 21 days or as long as 45 days

A&P II (15 decks)

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