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A&P II > CH 25 HW > Flashcards

CH 25 HW Flashcards

1
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The selective intake of food

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2
Q

What hormones are produced by the digestive tract?

A

Gastric and secretin

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3
Q

What part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration?

A

Oral cavity

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4
Q

Which muscles manipulate food and push it between the teeth during mastication?

A

Buccinator and orbicularis oris and tongue

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5
Q

The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is called?

A

Peristalsis

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6
Q

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is called?

A

Chyme

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7
Q

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach

A

Gastric rugae

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8
Q

Functions of the oral cavity

A

Ingestion, respiration, speech

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9
Q

Components of gastric juice

A

Water, Hydrochloric acid, and pepsin

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10
Q

Which muscles produce the up-and-down crushing action of the teeth during mastication?

A

The masseter and temporalis

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11
Q

Significance of the epithelial tight junctions and mucous coat lining the stomach

A

Protect the stomach lining from acid damage

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12
Q

Peristalsis occurs where?

A

In the esophagus

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13
Q

What liver function contributes to the process of digestion?

A

The secretion of bile

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14
Q

What ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

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15
Q

The 4 lobes of the liver

A

Right, left, Caudate, and Quadrate lobes

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16
Q

Properties that protect the stomach lining from acidic contents

A

Epithelial cell replacement, mucous coat, and tight junctions

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17
Q

Microscopic subunits of the liver, each consisting of a central vein passing down its core

A

Hepatic lobules

18
Q

Within the liver, blood flows between rows of hepatocytes through what channels?

A

Sinusoids

19
Q

What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

The Falciform ligament

20
Q

The sac on the underside of the liver that serves to store and centra the bile

A

The gallbladder

21
Q

The microscopic structural subunits of the liver

A

Hepatic lobules

22
Q

Small finger like projections of the lining of the small intestine

A

Villi

23
Q

Function of the brush border of small intestine

A

To increase surface area for absorption

24
Q

The digestion of starch by amylase results in the production of?

A

Oligosaccharides and maltose (a disaccharide)

25
Q

The enzymes that digest disaccharides

A

Lactase, maltose, and sucrase

26
Q

What is protease?

A

An enzyme that digests protein

27
Q

Are amino acids digested?

A

No, they are the product of protein digestion and they are absorbed intact

28
Q

What are the villi of the small intestine?

A

Finger like projections of the mucosa

29
Q

What are the typical end products of triglyceride digestion?

A

Two free fatty acids and monoglyceride

30
Q

Which enzymes are located within the plasma membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine?

A

Brush border enzymes

31
Q

Chylomicrons are made up of what?

A

Fat molecules coated with phospholipids and protein

32
Q

The enzyme that digests dietary starch

A

Salivary amylase or pancreatic amylase

33
Q

What are nucleases?

A

Enzymes that digest RNA and DNA, they hydrolyze nucleic acids into nucleotides

34
Q

What are the functions of large intestine

A

Water and electrolyte absorption

35
Q

What is the colon?

A

The large intestine from the ileocecal junction to the rectum

36
Q

Enzymes that digest lipids

A

Lipases

37
Q

What are haustra?

A

Pouches along the length of the colon caused by muscular tone

38
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

Particles that transport fats into lymph and blood

39
Q

List the stimuli for defecation

A

Stretching of the descending colon, rectum, and sigmoid colon

40
Q

The part of the large intestine that excludes that cecum, rectum, and anal canal

A

The colon

A&P II (15 decks)

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