CH 25 HW Flashcards
What is ingestion?
The selective intake of food
What hormones are produced by the digestive tract?
Gastric and secretin
What part of the digestive system functions in ingestion, speech, and respiration?
Oral cavity
Which muscles manipulate food and push it between the teeth during mastication?
Buccinator and orbicularis oris and tongue
The rhythmic, wave-like contraction of the smooth muscles of the digestive tract is called?
Peristalsis
The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is called?
Chyme
The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach
Gastric rugae
Functions of the oral cavity
Ingestion, respiration, speech
Components of gastric juice
Water, Hydrochloric acid, and pepsin
Which muscles produce the up-and-down crushing action of the teeth during mastication?
The masseter and temporalis
Significance of the epithelial tight junctions and mucous coat lining the stomach
Protect the stomach lining from acid damage
Peristalsis occurs where?
In the esophagus
What liver function contributes to the process of digestion?
The secretion of bile
What ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
Falciform ligament
The 4 lobes of the liver
Right, left, Caudate, and Quadrate lobes
Properties that protect the stomach lining from acidic contents
Epithelial cell replacement, mucous coat, and tight junctions
Microscopic subunits of the liver, each consisting of a central vein passing down its core
Hepatic lobules
Within the liver, blood flows between rows of hepatocytes through what channels?
Sinusoids
What separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
The Falciform ligament
The sac on the underside of the liver that serves to store and centra the bile
The gallbladder
The microscopic structural subunits of the liver
Hepatic lobules
Small finger like projections of the lining of the small intestine
Villi
Function of the brush border of small intestine
To increase surface area for absorption
The digestion of starch by amylase results in the production of?
Oligosaccharides and maltose (a disaccharide)
The enzymes that digest disaccharides
Lactase, maltose, and sucrase
What is protease?
An enzyme that digests protein
Are amino acids digested?
No, they are the product of protein digestion and they are absorbed intact
What are the villi of the small intestine?
Finger like projections of the mucosa
What are the typical end products of triglyceride digestion?
Two free fatty acids and monoglyceride
Which enzymes are located within the plasma membrane of enterocytes in the small intestine?
Brush border enzymes
Chylomicrons are made up of what?
Fat molecules coated with phospholipids and protein
The enzyme that digests dietary starch
Salivary amylase or pancreatic amylase
What are nucleases?
Enzymes that digest RNA and DNA, they hydrolyze nucleic acids into nucleotides
What are the functions of large intestine
Water and electrolyte absorption
What is the colon?
The large intestine from the ileocecal junction to the rectum
Enzymes that digest lipids
Lipases
What are haustra?
Pouches along the length of the colon caused by muscular tone
What are chylomicrons?
Particles that transport fats into lymph and blood
List the stimuli for defecation
Stretching of the descending colon, rectum, and sigmoid colon
The part of the large intestine that excludes that cecum, rectum, and anal canal
The colon
