CH 21 HW & Quiz

Question 1

What characteristic of immunity describes how, when reexposed to the same pathogen, the body reacts so quickly that there is no noticeable illness

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

3 types of lymphocytes

Answer 2

T cell, B cell, NK cells

Question 3

B cells are the primary cell of ____ immunity and T cells are the primary cell of ____ immunity.

Answer 3

Humoral, cell-mediated

Question 4

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are signs that accompany what?

Answer 4

Inflammation

Question 5

What is artificial active immunity?

Answer 5

Acquiring one’s own immunity against an attenuated (weakened) pathogen. (Vaccination)

Question 6

What term describes how immunity is directed against a particular pathogen, and that immunity to one pathogen usually does not confer immunity to others?

Answer 6

Specificity

Question 7

Any large molecule capable of triggering an immune response is called?

Answer 7

An antigen

Question 8

NK cells induce apoptosis in virally infected cells by secreting which protein-degrading enzymes?

Answer 8

Granzymes

Question 9

Example of Natural active immunity

Answer 9

A person develops resistance to a virus picked up from a drinking fountain

Question 10

Example of artificial active immunity

Answer 10

A person is given an attenuated smallpox virus and develops resistance

Question 11

Example of natural passive immunity

Answer 11

A baby acquires resistance to a virus through antibodies obtained through breast milk

Question 12

Artificial passive immunity

Answer 12

An antibody is injected into a person who has been bitten by a snake. The antibody infers resistance

Question 13

The proteins on the surface of APCs that function to present antigens to other cells are called the ____.

Answer 13

MHC proteins (major histocompatibility complex)

Question 14

T cells that attack foreign cells

Answer 14

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 15

T cells that perform a central coordinating role in both humoral and cellular immunity are called?

Answer 15

Helper T cells

Question 16

Which MHC class of proteins occur on all uncleared somatic cells and may trigger a cytotoxic T cell response if displaying a viral protein?

Answer 16

MHC class I

Question 17

What class of MHC proteins occurs only on APCs?

Answer 17

MHC class II

Question 18

Characteristics of MHC proteins

Answer 18

They function as self identity markers, present endogenous (self) and exogenous (foreign) antigens

Question 19

Identical cells produced by mitosis from a single parent cell are called?

Answer 19

Clones

Question 20

List the substances that cytotoxic T cells secrete to attack and destroy target cells

Answer 20

Perforins, Granzymes, Interferons, and Tumor necrosis factor

Question 21

List in order the events of the humoral response

Answer 21

Immunocompetent B cells bind to an antigen
A B cell internalizes an antigen and displays in on MHC-II proteins to TH cells
TH cells secrete interleukins which activate the B cell
The B cell undergoes clinal selection
B cells differentiate into plasma cells and memory cells
Plasma cells produce and secrete antibodies

Question 22

Where are type I MHC proteins found?

Answer 22

On all nucleated body cells

Question 23

List the ways antibodies function to render antigens harmless

Answer 23

Neutralization, Agglutination, Precipitation, and Complement fixation

Question 24

Which cells carry MHC class II proteins?

Answer 24

APCs

Question 25

Characteristics of a secondary immune response

Answer 25

It occurs after the second and subsequent exposures to an antigen, IgG antibodies are formed first, and antibodies appear rapidly within hours, peaking at day 3

Question 26

Characteristics of a colonial population of T cells

Answer 26

They are self-tolerant, they react to the same antigen, and they are identical

Question 27

An excessive harmful reaction to antigens is called?

Answer 27

Hypersensitivity

Question 28

Usually, a B cell requires costimulation from what kind of T cell to begin the process of clonal selection?

Answer 28

A helper T cell

Question 29

Describe allergens

Answer 29

They occur in mold, dust, and pollen
They induce allergies
They are environmental antigens

Question 30

Molecules that function to render antigens harmless by neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination and precipitation are called?

Answer 30

Antibodies

Question 31

Possible causes for a lack of self tolerance

Answer 31

Cross reactivity between similar antigens, alteration of self antigens, abnormal exposure to self antigens (exposure to the blood)

Question 32

Characteristics of a primary immune response

Answer 32

It occurs with the first exposure to an antigen
Antibodies first appear 3-6 days after exposure, peaking at day 10
IgM antibodies are formed first

Question 33

The inability to produce a normal immune response, resulting from a lack of immune cells or other immune mediators such as complement is called?

Answer 33

Immunodeficiency

Question 34

Antigens which induce hypersensitivity responses are called?

Answer 34

Allergens

Question 35

Diseases that result from failures of self-tolerance are called?

Answer 35

Autoimmune diseases