CH 19 (HW, Quiz) Flashcards
Which features are part of the cardiovascular system?
Blood vessels and the heart
Which circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart?
Pulmonary circuit
What are the superior and inferior ends of the heart called?
The base and apex respectively
List in order the 3 layers of the heart wall from deepest to most superficial
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
What is the muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels?
The heart
The layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart is?
The endocardium
What is the ear-like extension of a heart chamber?
An Auricle
The structure between the right and left ventricles
The Interventricular septum
The thick-walled inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood into the arteries are the?
Ventricles
Which valve opens into the right ventricular?
The Tricuspid/ Right Atrioventricular valve
Starting with blood in the superior/inferior vena cavae, list the chambers of the heart in order that blood would flow ending with left ventricle
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up what specific type of circulation?
Coronary circulation
Short, thick, branched muscle cells of the heart are called?
Cardiocytes or cardiomyocytes
Cardiac muscle requires oxygen and therefore relies on what type of respiration to produce ATP?
Aerobic
T or F : The coronary blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation
True
The heartbeat is coordinated by what system?
The cardiac conduction system
The pacemaker potential of the SA node cells is due to the influx of which ions?
Sodium Ions
Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through this structure, thereby allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction
AV Node
Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches?
Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of which channels?
Sodium channels
List all of the structures considered to be apart of the cardiac conduction system
SA Node, AV node, and Purkinje Fibers
A spontaneously developing local potential that generates action potentials in the SA node is called?
Pacemaker potential
A recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart?
ECG
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
They are inversely proportional
What accounts for the movement of the heart valves during the cardiac cycle?
Pressure changes within the chambers
What vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?
Great Cardiac vein
The semilunar valves will open when the pressure within the _____ exceeds the pressure within the ____
Ventricles, great arteries
When the ventricles are relaxed and their pressure is low, the _____ valves are open
Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
The process of listening to sounds made by the body is called?
Auscultation
As a heart chambers contracts, what happens to the pressure of the fluid within it?
It increases
The closing of the AV valves produces which of the heart sounds?
The first (lubb)
The heart valves open or close in response to changes in the ____ of the heart chambers
Pressure
Closing of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves produces which heart sound?
The second (duh)
The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle is ____ the amount of blood received during ventricular filling
The same as or equal
If the volume of blood pumped by the right side of the heart is less than that of the left, what happens?
Systemic Edema, blood backs up in the pulmonary arteries and backlogs the systemic system
Which autonomic system(s) innervates the heart?
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems
What term refers to the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute?
Cardiac Output
What is the term for the steady background firing of the vagus nerve to the heart?
Vagal tone
Which electrolyte has the greatest effect on the heart? Why?
Potassium, because it affects the membrane potential. If there’s too much (Hyperkalemia) the cardiomyocytes stay depolarized and become less excitable. If there’s too little (hypokalemia) the membrane is too neg and it is hard to depolarize the membrane
If the volume of blood pumped by the left side of the heart is less than that of the right, what happens?
Pulmonary edema
An increase in stimulation by what branch of the nervous system lowers the heart rate?
Parasympathetic
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to what?
End-diastolic volume SV (equivalent sign) EDV
The pacemaker that determines the heart rate
SA Node (Sinuatrial Node)
The electrical gateway to the ventricles
AV Node
Signals leave the AV Node and descend along this structure to the ventricles
AV Bundle
Distributes the electrical excitation to the myocardium of the ventricles
The purkinje fibers
Type AB+ Blood
No antibodies, the universal acceptor, rarest blood type in US
