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A&P II > CH 19 (HW, Quiz) > Flashcards

CH 19 (HW, Quiz) Flashcards

1
Q

Which features are part of the cardiovascular system?

A

Blood vessels and the heart

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2
Q

Which circuit carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium of the heart?

A

Pulmonary circuit

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3
Q

What are the superior and inferior ends of the heart called?

A

The base and apex respectively

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4
Q

List in order the 3 layers of the heart wall from deepest to most superficial

A

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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5
Q

What is the muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels?

A

The heart

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6
Q

The layer that lines the inner chambers of the heart is?

A

The endocardium

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7
Q

What is the ear-like extension of a heart chamber?

A

An Auricle

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8
Q

The structure between the right and left ventricles

A

The Interventricular septum

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9
Q

The thick-walled inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood into the arteries are the?

A

Ventricles

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10
Q

Which valve opens into the right ventricular?

A

The Tricuspid/ Right Atrioventricular valve

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11
Q

Starting with blood in the superior/inferior vena cavae, list the chambers of the heart in order that blood would flow ending with left ventricle

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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12
Q

The blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen only to the heart muscle make up what specific type of circulation?

A

Coronary circulation

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13
Q

Short, thick, branched muscle cells of the heart are called?

A

Cardiocytes or cardiomyocytes

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14
Q

Cardiac muscle requires oxygen and therefore relies on what type of respiration to produce ATP?

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

T or F : The coronary blood vessels are part of the systemic circulation

A

True

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16
Q

The heartbeat is coordinated by what system?

A

The cardiac conduction system

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17
Q

The pacemaker potential of the SA node cells is due to the influx of which ions?

A

Sodium Ions

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18
Q

Impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through this structure, thereby allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction

A

AV Node

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19
Q

Which artery travels under the left auricle and then divides into two branches?

A

Left Coronary Artery (LCA)

20
Q

Depolarization of a cardiocyte is due to the opening of which channels?

A

Sodium channels

21
Q

List all of the structures considered to be apart of the cardiac conduction system

A

SA Node, AV node, and Purkinje Fibers

22
Q

A spontaneously developing local potential that generates action potentials in the SA node is called?

A

Pacemaker potential

23
Q

A recording of all nodal and myocardial action potentials in the heart?

A

ECG

24
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume?

A

They are inversely proportional

25
Q

What accounts for the movement of the heart valves during the cardiac cycle?

A

Pressure changes within the chambers

26
Q

What vein collects venous drainage from the anterior side of the heart and travels alongside the anterior interventricular artery?

A

Great Cardiac vein

27
Q

The semilunar valves will open when the pressure within the _____ exceeds the pressure within the ____

A

Ventricles, great arteries

28
Q

When the ventricles are relaxed and their pressure is low, the _____ valves are open

A

Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)

29
Q

The process of listening to sounds made by the body is called?

A

Auscultation

30
Q

As a heart chambers contracts, what happens to the pressure of the fluid within it?

A

It increases

31
Q

The closing of the AV valves produces which of the heart sounds?

A

The first (lubb)

32
Q

The heart valves open or close in response to changes in the ____ of the heart chambers

A

Pressure

33
Q

Closing of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves produces which heart sound?

A

The second (duh)

34
Q

The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle is ____ the amount of blood received during ventricular filling

A

The same as or equal

35
Q

If the volume of blood pumped by the right side of the heart is less than that of the left, what happens?

A

Systemic Edema, blood backs up in the pulmonary arteries and backlogs the systemic system

36
Q

Which autonomic system(s) innervates the heart?

A

Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems

37
Q

What term refers to the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute?

A

Cardiac Output

38
Q

What is the term for the steady background firing of the vagus nerve to the heart?

A

Vagal tone

39
Q

Which electrolyte has the greatest effect on the heart? Why?

A

Potassium, because it affects the membrane potential. If there’s too much (Hyperkalemia) the cardiomyocytes stay depolarized and become less excitable. If there’s too little (hypokalemia) the membrane is too neg and it is hard to depolarize the membrane

40
Q

If the volume of blood pumped by the left side of the heart is less than that of the right, what happens?

A

Pulmonary edema

41
Q

An increase in stimulation by what branch of the nervous system lowers the heart rate?

A

Parasympathetic

42
Q

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to what?

A

End-diastolic volume SV (equivalent sign) EDV

43
Q

The pacemaker that determines the heart rate

A

SA Node (Sinuatrial Node)

44
Q

The electrical gateway to the ventricles

A

AV Node

45
Q

Signals leave the AV Node and descend along this structure to the ventricles

A

AV Bundle

46
Q

Distributes the electrical excitation to the myocardium of the ventricles

A

The purkinje fibers

47
Q

Type AB+ Blood

A

No antibodies, the universal acceptor, rarest blood type in US

A&P II (15 decks)

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