CH 27 HW Flashcards
Term for a fertilized egg
Zygote
The male gamete
Sperm
Functions of the male reproductive system
To introduce sperm into the female body and to produce sperm
What organs produce gametes?
The primary sex organs. Testes in males and ovaries in females
Male secondary sex organs
Glands that contribute to semen, ducts that convey sperm, and the penis
A single-felled, fertilized egg
Zygote
When do the secondary sexual characteristics first appear?
At puberty
The female gamete
Ovum
The sex chromosomes
X and Y
A typical human cell contains how many chromosomes?
1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes (23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes total)
What gene on the Y chromosome leads to the development of the male reproductive anatomy?
SRY (Sex determining Region on the Y) . SRY encodes for the testis determine factor (TDF) which initiates the development of the male anatomy
Commonly regarded male secondary sex characteristics
Facial hair, coarse and visible hair on the torso and limbs, muscular physique, and deeper voice
The identical structures found in both males and females that the genitals develop from in a 6 week embryo
Urogenital folds, labioscrotal folds, and the genital tubercle
Where do the male and female gonads develop initially?
In the abdominal cavity near the kidneys
Any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes is called?
an autosome
What allows for the passage of the testes through the abdominal musculature during development?
The inguinal canal
What percentage of males are born with cryptochidism?
About 3%, cryptochidism = being born without descended testes. Usually they’ll descend in the first year
Homologous structures between male and female anatomy. Penis, scrotum, and Testes
Clitoris, labia Majorca, ovaries
T or F: Both male and female gonads initially develop near the kidneys in a fetus
True
The complex of veins within the spermatic cord
Pampiniform plexus
What descends through the inguinal canal?
The testes
Temperature necessary for sperm production?
35 degrees Celsius
In warmer temps, the ____ muscle _____ and the testes are suspended further from the body.
Cremaster , relaxes
What do the testes produce?
Testosterone and sperm
Structure that receives sperm from the efferent ductules and sends it on to the vas deferens
Epididymis
3 structures located within the spermatic cord
Ductus deferens , pampiniform plexus, and the testicular artery
What temp does sperm production stop at?
37 degrees Celsius ( normal body temp)
In cold temperatures, what muscle contracts and pulls the testes closer to the body to keep them warm?
The cremaster
From proximal to distal, the three regions of the male urethra are?
Prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethras
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the convergence of what two structures?
The duct of the seminal vesicle and the ductus deferens
The time period from the onset of gonadotropin secretion and reproductive development until a person attains full adult height
Adolescence
Two _____ lie posterior to the bladder and produce a yellowish secretion that makes up about 60% of the semen
Seminal vesicles
The binding of what hormone by androgen-binding proteins leads to the onset of spermatogenesis?
Testosterone
The male accessory gland that secretes a thin, milk fluid that constitutes about 30% of the semen ejaculated is?
The prostate gland
3 male accessory glands
Prostate and bulbourethral glands, and the seminal vesicles (seminal glands)
____ hormone directly stimulates production of testosterone
Luteinizing (LH)
What gland secretes an alkaline fluid that lubricates the head of the penis and neutralizes the acidic urethra during sexual arousal?
The bulbourethral glands (pre-ejeculatory secretion aka pre cum)
Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that enhances the production of androgen-binding proteins
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
The seminiferous tubules in the testes
The first few years of adolescence
Puberty
Human somatic (body) cells are ____ ; They have _____ chromosomes
Diploid, 46
The binding of testosterone by ABP (androgen binding protein) leads to the onset and rising rate of?
Spermatogenesis
Genetic recombination and the reduction in chromosome number by one half, are achieved through?
Meiosis
_____ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete androgens, mainly testosterone.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) also referred to as interstitial cell stimulating hormone
The earliest stem cells specifically destined to become spermatogonia
Primordial germ cells
in the male, where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted?
Anterior pituitary gland
While somatic cells are diploid, gametes are ____ ; they have one copy of each type of chromosome
Haploid
T or F: a healthy, post-pubescent, young man can produce about 300,000 sperm per minute
True, equals about 400 million sperm per day
What is the main goal of meiosis?
To produce cells with one copy of each chromosome
Where do primordial germ cells destined to become a sperm form?
They are formed during embryonic development in the yolk sac and lay dormant through most of childhood.
List the phases of intercourse in order
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
The events that occur during spermiogenesis
Loss of excess cytoplasm and the growth of a flagellum
In the male, where is FSH secreted?
In the anterior pituitary gland
