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A&P II > CH 27 HW > Flashcards

CH 27 HW Flashcards

1
Q

Term for a fertilized egg

A

Zygote

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2
Q

The male gamete

A

Sperm

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3
Q

Functions of the male reproductive system

A

To introduce sperm into the female body and to produce sperm

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4
Q

What organs produce gametes?

A

The primary sex organs. Testes in males and ovaries in females

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5
Q

Male secondary sex organs

A

Glands that contribute to semen, ducts that convey sperm, and the penis

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6
Q

A single-felled, fertilized egg

A

Zygote

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7
Q

When do the secondary sexual characteristics first appear?

A

At puberty

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8
Q

The female gamete

A

Ovum

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9
Q

The sex chromosomes

A

X and Y

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10
Q

A typical human cell contains how many chromosomes?

A

1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes (23 pairs, or 46 chromosomes total)

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11
Q

What gene on the Y chromosome leads to the development of the male reproductive anatomy?

A

SRY (Sex determining Region on the Y) . SRY encodes for the testis determine factor (TDF) which initiates the development of the male anatomy

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12
Q

Commonly regarded male secondary sex characteristics

A

Facial hair, coarse and visible hair on the torso and limbs, muscular physique, and deeper voice

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13
Q

The identical structures found in both males and females that the genitals develop from in a 6 week embryo

A

Urogenital folds, labioscrotal folds, and the genital tubercle

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14
Q

Where do the male and female gonads develop initially?

A

In the abdominal cavity near the kidneys

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15
Q

Any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes is called?

A

an autosome

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16
Q

What allows for the passage of the testes through the abdominal musculature during development?

A

The inguinal canal

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17
Q

What percentage of males are born with cryptochidism?

A

About 3%, cryptochidism = being born without descended testes. Usually they’ll descend in the first year

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18
Q

Homologous structures between male and female anatomy. Penis, scrotum, and Testes

A

Clitoris, labia Majorca, ovaries

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19
Q

T or F: Both male and female gonads initially develop near the kidneys in a fetus

A

True

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20
Q

The complex of veins within the spermatic cord

A

Pampiniform plexus

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21
Q

What descends through the inguinal canal?

A

The testes

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22
Q

Temperature necessary for sperm production?

A

35 degrees Celsius

23
Q

In warmer temps, the ____ muscle _____ and the testes are suspended further from the body.

A

Cremaster , relaxes

24
Q

What do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone and sperm

25
Q

Structure that receives sperm from the efferent ductules and sends it on to the vas deferens

A

Epididymis

26
Q

3 structures located within the spermatic cord

A

Ductus deferens , pampiniform plexus, and the testicular artery

27
Q

What temp does sperm production stop at?

A

37 degrees Celsius ( normal body temp)

28
Q

In cold temperatures, what muscle contracts and pulls the testes closer to the body to keep them warm?

A

The cremaster

29
Q

From proximal to distal, the three regions of the male urethra are?

A

Prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethras

30
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the convergence of what two structures?

A

The duct of the seminal vesicle and the ductus deferens

31
Q

The time period from the onset of gonadotropin secretion and reproductive development until a person attains full adult height

A

Adolescence

32
Q

Two _____ lie posterior to the bladder and produce a yellowish secretion that makes up about 60% of the semen

A

Seminal vesicles

33
Q

The binding of what hormone by androgen-binding proteins leads to the onset of spermatogenesis?

A

Testosterone

34
Q

The male accessory gland that secretes a thin, milk fluid that constitutes about 30% of the semen ejaculated is?

A

The prostate gland

35
Q

3 male accessory glands

A

Prostate and bulbourethral glands, and the seminal vesicles (seminal glands)

36
Q

____ hormone directly stimulates production of testosterone

A

Luteinizing (LH)

37
Q

What gland secretes an alkaline fluid that lubricates the head of the penis and neutralizes the acidic urethra during sexual arousal?

A

The bulbourethral glands (pre-ejeculatory secretion aka pre cum)

38
Q

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that enhances the production of androgen-binding proteins

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

39
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

The seminiferous tubules in the testes

40
Q

The first few years of adolescence

A

Puberty

41
Q

Human somatic (body) cells are ____ ; They have _____ chromosomes

A

Diploid, 46

42
Q

The binding of testosterone by ABP (androgen binding protein) leads to the onset and rising rate of?

A

Spermatogenesis

43
Q

Genetic recombination and the reduction in chromosome number by one half, are achieved through?

A

Meiosis

44
Q

_____ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete androgens, mainly testosterone.

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) also referred to as interstitial cell stimulating hormone

45
Q

The earliest stem cells specifically destined to become spermatogonia

A

Primordial germ cells

46
Q

in the male, where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

47
Q

While somatic cells are diploid, gametes are ____ ; they have one copy of each type of chromosome

A

Haploid

48
Q

T or F: a healthy, post-pubescent, young man can produce about 300,000 sperm per minute

A

True, equals about 400 million sperm per day

49
Q

What is the main goal of meiosis?

A

To produce cells with one copy of each chromosome

50
Q

Where do primordial germ cells destined to become a sperm form?

A

They are formed during embryonic development in the yolk sac and lay dormant through most of childhood.

51
Q

List the phases of intercourse in order

A

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

52
Q

The events that occur during spermiogenesis

A

Loss of excess cytoplasm and the growth of a flagellum

53
Q

In the male, where is FSH secreted?

A

In the anterior pituitary gland

A&P II (15 decks)

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