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A&P II > CH 28 HW > Flashcards

CH 28 HW Flashcards

1
Q

The uterine tubes are also called?

A

Oviducts or fallopian tubes

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2
Q

Broad superior curvature; the “top” of the uterus

A

Fundus

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3
Q

Main body of the uterus

A

Corpus

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4
Q

Cylindrical inferior end of the uterus

A

Cervix

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5
Q

Uterine wall layers from superficial to deep

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

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6
Q

The tube that allows discharge of menstrual fluid, receipt of the penis and semen, and birth of a baby

A

The vagina

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7
Q

Why is the vaginal environment acidic?

A

To inhibit the growth of pathogens

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8
Q

The ____ is the large muscular organ that opens into the roof of the vagina

A

Uterus

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9
Q

The glands that are active in the breasts of lactating women, then atrophy when a woman ceases to nurse

A

Mammary glands

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10
Q

The series of physiological and anatomical changes that indicate the onset of a females reproductive life

A

Puberty

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11
Q

What is thelarche?

A

The onset of breast development and the first noticeable sign of puberty in females

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12
Q

A blind pouch at the superior end of the vagina that extends beyond the cervix

A

The fornix

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13
Q

What is normal vaginal pH?

A

Acidic at a pH of 3.5-4.0

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14
Q

The term that refers to the first menstrual period

A

Menarche

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15
Q

The term for the first appearance of pubic and axillary hair, sebaceous glands, and axillary glands

A

Pubarche

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16
Q

What is the mound of glandular and adipose tissue overlying the pectoralis major muscle ?

A

The breast

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17
Q

The cessation of mestruation that occurs at midlife

A

Menopause

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18
Q

Rising levels of the hormone GnRH triggers the onset of ____, the transition that begins female reproductive life

A

Puberty

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19
Q

The production of the female haploid gamete is called?

A

Oogenesis

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20
Q

Eggs are or are not usually released in a girls first few menstrual cycles?

A

Are not

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21
Q

What will be formed only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized?

A

A second polar body

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22
Q

As an egg undergoes oogenesis, the single layer of squamous cells that surround the egg undergoes ?

A

Folliculogenesis

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23
Q

What term refers specifically to the series of monthly changes that occur within the female uterus?

A

The menstrual cycle

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24
Q

What phases of the menstrual cycle occur during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

The proliferative and menstrual phases

25
Q

Estradiol serves what function during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

It stimulates the dominant follicle to upregulate its receptors

26
Q

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, estradiol is secreted by the _______ cells of the natural follicles

A

Granulosa

27
Q

The term for the small, no viable daughter cell that results from meiosis I

A

First polar body

28
Q

The phase of the ovarian cycle that extends from ovulation to the start of menstruation is the?

A

Luteal phase

29
Q

The phases of the menstrual cycle that occur during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

A

The secretory phase and the premenstrual phase

30
Q

What is the progesterone-secreting structure that develops from the follicle following ovulation?

A

The Corpus Luteum

31
Q

2 effects of estradiol during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

A

Inhibition of GnRH release and upregulation of FSH, LH, and estradiol receptors in dominant follicle

32
Q

What structure secretes estradiol , progesterone, and inhibin?

A

The Corpus Luteum

33
Q

Ovulation occurs when increased release of estrogen from a maturing follicle triggers a spike in what hormone?

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

34
Q

All the phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Proliferative, secretory, premenstrual, menstrual phases

35
Q

During the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle, a ten-fold increase in what hormone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus fro a possible pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

36
Q

What hormone stimulates fluid accumulation within the stratum functionalis during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Progesterone

37
Q

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

The functional layer of the endometrium is rebuilt

38
Q

What occurs during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

The endometrium thickens as a result of fluid accumulation

39
Q

What hormone stimulates mitosis of the stratum basal is in order to rebuild the stratum functionalis?

A

Estrogen

40
Q

Term for the duration of pregnancy

A

Gestation

41
Q

The ____ phase of the menstrual cycle involves the rebuilding of the strum functionalis of the endometrium via mitosis

A

Proliferative

42
Q

What term refers to the developing individual from the ninth week after conception until birth?

A

The Fetus

43
Q

During which phase of the menstrual cycle is the endometrium grow thicker as a result of secretion and fluid accumulation

A

The secretory phase

44
Q

Term for a developing human from day 16 to week 8 of prenatal development

A

Embryo

45
Q

The ____ provides nutrients for the fetus, disposes of fetal waste, and secretes hormones

A

Placenta

46
Q

The connection between the fetus and the placenta is called?

A

The umbilical cord

47
Q

What hormone is secreted by the blastocysts and placenta during pregnancy to stimulate the growth of the corpus luteum?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (HCG), it stimulates the growth of the corpus luteum and the corpus luteum produces progesterone which helps maintain the pregnancy

48
Q

During pregnancy, estrogen is secreted by what 2 structures?

A

The corpus luteum and the placenta. Corpus luteum til about week 12 and then the placenta after that

49
Q

Function of estrogens during pregnancy

A

Stimulates tissue growth in fetus and mother , stimulates mammary duct growth and increase in breast size, and makes pelvic joints more elastic

50
Q

During pregnancy, what hormone suppresses uterine contractions, prevents menstruation, and stimulates development of mammary gland acini?

A

Progesterone

51
Q

What is parturition?

A

The process of childbirth

52
Q

What are the 2 ways oxytocin (OT) promotes labor?

A

OT stimulates fetal membranes to secrete prostaglandins which are synergists with OT , and OT directly stimulates the myometrium to contract

53
Q

According to the positive feedback theory of labor, labor contractions are stimulated by pressure on what structure?

A

The cervix

54
Q

The synthesis and ejection of milk from the mammary glands

A

Lactation

55
Q

Functions of progesterone during pregnancy

A

Suppresses uterine contractions, stimulates development of mammary acini, prevents menstruation

56
Q

How is colostrum different from breast milk?

A

It has similar protein and lactose levels to breast milk but has 1/3 less fat

57
Q

What hormone from the hypothalamus inhibits prolactin in the non-pregnant state?

A

Dopamine

58
Q

What pituitary hormone promotes milk production?

A

Prolactin

A&P II (15 decks)

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