Lab Quiz 1 (Lab 1, 2, 3 & Lab Rules)

Question 1

A patient’s blood tests indicate anemia. What test values would be outside the normal range?

Answer 1

Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Question 2

Name 2 blood tests that might indicate kidney damage

Answer 2

Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Question 3

What blood test would indicate possible diabetes? What would the range be for Prediabetes?

Answer 3

Glucose test , 101-126mg/dL

Question 4

People with emphysema would have high levels of which blood gas?

Answer 4

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Question 5

Why would low sodium levels in the blood be a problem?

Answer 5

It is very important in nerve conduction and muscle contraction

Question 6

This form of leukemia is characterized by large numbers of eosinophils

Answer 6

Eosinophilia Leukemia

Question 7

The RBCs appear very odd, with some cells seeming much larger than normal and others appearing much smaller. In addition some may appear oblong or have uncharacteristic shapes.

Answer 7

Iron Deficiency anemia

Question 8

Some RBCs will have a “sickle” shape similar to a crescent

Answer 8

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 9

Large numbers of lymphocytes are present characterized by large nuclei that fill most of the cell

Answer 9

Lymphocytic Leukemia

Question 10

Calcium levels are part of BMP. Give 3 physiological processes that require calcium

Answer 10

Muscle contraction, Nerve impulse, and blood clot (coagulation)

Question 11

What would be the color of a positive and negative Benedict’s test for Glucose?

Answer 11

If Positive (glucose is present) it will be red, orange, or brown. If negative it will remain blue.

Question 12

Birrer reagent tests for the presence of which organic molecule?

Answer 12

Protein

Question 13

What color is Biuret’s solution when protein is present and when it is not?

Answer 13

Blue when no protein is present, Purple when protein is present

Question 14

A sample of plasma turns cloudy with the addition of AgNO3 (silver nitrate). What does this result mean?

Answer 14

This means the sample of plasma contains Chloride

Question 15

How can you tell a neutrophil from a basophil?

Answer 15

Neutrophils have a multi-lobular nucleus and are large than basophils. Basophils have a dark blue stain

Question 16

How can you distinguish a lymphocyte from a monocyte?

Answer 16

Monocytes are larger than lymphocytes and a monocyte’s nucleus may have a kidney shape

Question 17

What color should an Eosinophil stain with Eosin?

Answer 17

Orange/pink. Eosin is a red stain

Question 18

What blood test would give you info about the average size of a RBC?

Answer 18

MCV , mean corpuscular volume

Question 19

Normal WBC count

Answer 19

Around 5,000 cells/uL

Question 20

White blood cell differential (%) :
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Answer 20

Neutrophils 40-60%
Lymphocytes 20-40%
Monocytes 3-7%
Eosinophils 1-3%
Basophils 0.0 - 1%

Question 21

Normal RBC count

Answer 21

Around 5 million cells/uL or 5 x 10^9 cells/mL

Question 22

What does the Hematocrit (HCT) show?

Answer 22

The % of blood volume that is composed of RBCs (also referred to as packed cell volume)

Question 23

Normal Platelet count

Answer 23

150,000 platelets/uL

Question 24

How many times more platelets are there than WBCs?

Answer 24

30 times more

Question 25

What CBC tests give an accurate look at overall blood health?

Answer 25

MPV (mean platelet count) , MCV , MCH, MCHC

Question 26

What are the granulocytes?

Answer 26

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Question 27

What are the agranulocytes?

Answer 27

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 28

What is a hemocytometer?

Answer 28

A specialized slide used to count cells

Question 29

One cm^3 is equivalent to?

Answer 29

1mL, they are interchangeable

Question 30

Why do we use hemocytometers?

Answer 30

It would be impossible to count the number of RBCs in a reasonable amount of time so we use a hemocytometer to count the number of cells in a smaller volume and then scale that amount up to predict the number of cells in a larger volume

Question 31

What is the conversion factor?

Answer 31

The conversion factor represents how many times the smaller volume fits into the larger volume. It is the ratio of the large volume to the small volume

Question 32

What is the average volume of blood flowing in the circulatory system?

Answer 32

5L

Question 33

How many mm are there in 1cm?

Answer 33

10mm , 1cm = 10mm

Question 34

What is a solution?

Answer 34

A homogenous mixture of more than one solute

Question 35

Why would 2 different samples that came from the same suspension have different cell counts?

Answer 35

Because suspensions are not homogeneous mixtures. Each sample will have a slightly different composition

Question 36

Why must a coverslip used when working with a hemocytometer?

Answer 36

Because the cover slip adds the dimension of height so that we can figure out the amount of cells in a given volume. Without a fixed height, we can’t calculate the volume

Question 37

Why do you have to keep stirring a flask of yeast?

Answer 37

Because the yeast is a suspension and if it is not continually stirred, the heavier particles will separate and fall to the bottom of the flask . Blood is similar in that if it is not kept moving, platelets will agglutinate and clotting factors will be released

Question 38

Are no show socks okay in lab?

Answer 38

No. No kind of open toed shoes can be worn in lab and socks must completely cover the ankle

Question 39

Is long hair okay in lab?

Answer 39

Yes but it must be tied back. Similarly dangling jewelry or baggy clothes must be fixed

Question 40

Where do bags and coats go?

Answer 40

Bags go under the lab desk or by the windows, coats can also go by windows or hung on coat rack.

Question 41

Where do paper and glass get disposed?

Answer 41

Paper scraps in the trash and glass in the white glass disposal box

Question 42

Where does Media(materials) with microorganisms go?

Answer 42

Always should be placed in the biohazard bag or labeled autoclavable

Question 43

If a substance gets into your eye, you should flush eyes for how long?

Answer 43

20 mins

Question 44

In the event of a fire or fire drill

Answer 44

shut off all equipment, take all belongings, do not use elevators or escalators, and proceed to nearest exit

Question 45

What is cardiomyopathy and what are the anatomical differences in a heart with cardiomyopathy?

Answer 45

Cardiomyopathy is disease of the heart muscle. The ventricle walls are thinner, the ventricles are much larger, and overall the heart will be strained to pump out blood and blood flow will be decreased

Question 46

What is the foramen ovale? Where is it found? What is its function?

Answer 46

The foramen ovale connects the right and left atriums in a fetal heart and allows blood to pass directly between the atriums , bypassing the lungs. Blood doesn’t need to go to the lungs to pick up oxygen because the fetus gets it’s oxygen from the mother through diffusion across the placenta

Question 47

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?

Answer 47

Because the blood has to travel from the left ventricle throughout the entire body/systemic circuit.

Question 48

Looking at an intact heart, how can you tell the right side from the left?

Answer 48

If you locate the interventricular sulcus, everything below it is the left side and everything above it is the right side

Question 49

Looking at a dissected heart, how can you tell right side from left?

Answer 49

The left side ventricle wall is much thicker than the right

Question 50

Which valves separate the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

Answer 50

The aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve, respectively

Question 51

Which valves separate the atria and ventricles?

Answer 51

The Atrioventricular valves (AV Valves). Right = Tricuspid Valve Left = Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)

Question 52

A blunt probe placed into the aorta will go into which chamber?

Answer 52

The left ventricle

Question 53

A blunt probe placed into the pulmonary trunk will go into which chamber?

Answer 53

The right Ventricle

Question 54

A blunt probe placed into the superior or inferior vena cavae will go into which chamber?

Answer 54

Right atrium

Question 55

A blunt probe placed into the pulmonary veins will go into which chamber?

Answer 55

The left atrium

Question 56

What section of the heart would create a right and left half?

Answer 56

A sagital section

Question 57

What section of a heart would create a superior and inferior half?

Answer 57

A transverse section

Question 58

What section would produce an anterior and posterior half?

Answer 58

A frontal section

Question 59

What is the volume of hemocytometer counting box? How many counting boxes are there in 1 counting area?

Answer 59

0.2mm L x 0.2mm W x 0.1mm H = 0.004mm^3

Question 60

What sides of the hemocytometer counting box do you not count? How do you count clumps of cells?

Answer 60

The right and bottom sides. Count clumps of cells as one cell!

Question 61

How many total cells do you have in your body?

Answer 61

50 trillion

Question 62

What % of the total amount of cells in our body are RBCs?

Answer 62

50% (approx 25 trillion RBCs)

Question 63

Another name for platelets. What cell are platelets a small part of?

Answer 63

Thrombocytes, megakaryocytes

Question 64

What does centrifuging blood do?

Answer 64

Separates the plasma from the formed elements (rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets)

Question 65

Why do we test blood for Chloride? What do we use to test for chloride in blood plasma?

Answer 65

Because Na is often present for Chloride. So if we know there is chloride, there is also Na. AgNO (Silver nitrate)

Question 66

Ligament that attaches Aorta to pulmonary trunk?

Answer 66

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 67

Function of Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 67

It is another bypass of the lungs in fetal heart. It is crucial is closes after birth so that baby must use lungs to oxygenate blood

Question 68

2 blood tests that might indicate anemia

Answer 68

Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)