Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P II > CH 23 HW & Quiz > Flashcards

CH 23 HW & Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

How do the kidneys regulate water intake and output?

A

By regulating water output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 examples of nitrogenous wastes secreted by the kidneys

A

Creatinine and Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The process of separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them form the body is called?

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Urine (filtrate) flows from the renal pelvis directly into?

A

The ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the kidneys’ regulate osmolarity of the blood and blood pressure?

A

By regulating water and sodium output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do most nitrogenous wastes originate?

A

As byproducts of protein catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ____ carries blood out of the glomerulus

A

Efferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ball of capillaries within a nephron is called a?

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The glomerulus is surrounded by?

A

The glomerular capsule (bowman’s capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The renal pyramids of the medulla receive their blood supply from what blood vessel network?

A

Vasa Recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The renal corpuscle consists of a glomerulus and a ?

A

Glomerular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The capillary bed fed by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole is a ?

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which segments of the Nephron loop actively transport salts?

A

Thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood vessels of the vasa recta arise from what?

A

Efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The collecting duct receives fluid from?

A

The Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many nephrons are in a kidney?

A

1.2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of nephron has a short nephron loop and their renal corpuscles are near the kidney surface?

A

Cortical Nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the longest and most coiled region of the renal tubule?

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F: Glomerular filtrate is similar to blood plasma except that it contains little or no proteins

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which segment of the nephron loop is permeable to water?

A

Thin segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In glomerular filtration, blood is filtered to form?

A

Glomerular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is the distal convoluted tubule different than the proximal?

A

It is shorter and less coiled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The glomerulus is composed of which type of capillaries?

A

Fenestrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Blood hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid _____ the blood and ____ the capsular space

A

Out of, into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which nephrons have long nephron loops that extend deep into the medulla?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How can hypertension damage the glomerular capillaries?

A

It can scar them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The fluid in the glomerular capsule formed by filtration is called?

A

Filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In young females, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is about _____ mL/min?

A

105 mL/min (it’s about 10% less than males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What happens if the glomerular filtration rate is too slow?

A

Fluid flows through the renal tubules too slowly, urine output will decrease, and azotemia may occur

30
Q

From the blood side to the capsular space, List in order the structures through which filtrate must pass

A

Fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, filtration slit

31
Q

How does the activation of the renin-angiotensin mechanism affect blood pressure?

A

It increases blood pressure

32
Q

In the kidney, the process by which fluid and solutes from the tubular fluid are reclaimed and returned to the blood is called?

A

Tubular reabsorption

33
Q

How does hypertension lead to kidney damage?

A

It can rupture glomerular capillaries

34
Q

Define transport maximum

A

It is the upper limit of the rate solute can be reabsorbed by the tubules

35
Q

What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

A

The amount of filtrate formed per min by the two kidneys

36
Q

The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ECF osmotic gradient that allows for what?

A

The concentration of urine so the body isn’t loosing the fluid and electrolytes it needs to hold on to

37
Q

What happens if the glomerular filtration rate is too high?

A

Fluid flows through the renal tubules too rapidly , urine output will increase and electrolyte depletion May occur

38
Q

List the hormones that regulate the amount of water and salt reabsorbed by the DCT and collecting duct

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Natriuretic peptides, Aldosterone

39
Q

What activates the renin-angiotensin mechanism?

A

Decreased blood pressure

40
Q

Which renal tubule segments are influenced by aldosterone?

A

Ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct

41
Q

Where does most tubular reabsorption take place?

A

The proximal convoluted tubule

42
Q

What is it called when the transport proteins within the proximal convoluted tubule are saturated and no additional solute can be reabsorbed

A

Transport maximum

43
Q

What are the combined effects of atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

Through 4 different mechanisms, the result is the excretion of more salt and water in the urine, thereby reducing blood volume and pressure

44
Q

List the solutes that are reabsorbed from the nephron loop back to the blood stream

A

Sodium ions, Chloride, and potassium ions

45
Q

What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?

A

The reabsorption of water and salts

46
Q

What is the hormone that makes the collecting duct more permeable to water, thus increasing its reabsorption?

A

ADH (anti diuretic hormone)

47
Q

Describe effect of Aldosterone

A

Causes increased reabsorption of sodium (and water the follows) and secretion of potassium from later segments of renal tubule

48
Q

What is the action of Parathyroid hormone on the kidneys?

A

Decreases phosphate reabsorption and increases calcium reabsorption

49
Q

What leads to an increased secretion of natriuretic peptides?

A

Increased blood pressure

50
Q

How does ADH affect the permeability of the collecting ducts to water?

A

It increases their permeability

51
Q

What is the countercurrent multiplier in the nephron?

A

The nephron loop

52
Q

The osmolarity of the ECF deep in the renal medulla is ____ than that of the ECF of the renal cortex

A

Higher

53
Q

Aldosterone increases reabsorption of the electrolyte ______ while increasing secretion of the electrolyte ______

A

Sodium, potassium

54
Q

How does the ascending limb of the nephron loop shift sodium, potassium, and chloride into the ECF?

A

Through active transport

55
Q

PTH acts on the PCT to inhibit _____ reabsorption and on the DCT to increase _____ reabsorption

A

Phosphate, calcium

56
Q

The salts in the medullary ECF were transported from which limb of the nephron loop?

A

The ascending limb

57
Q

ADH increases water permeability of the collecting ducts by altering the number and location of membrane proteins called?

A

Aquaporins

58
Q

Which structure acts as a countercurrent exchanger?

A

Vasa recta

59
Q

The importance of the medullary ECF osmolarity gradient

A

It allows for the production of very concentrated urine

60
Q

Dieresis (Polyuria)

A

Increased urine output caused by fluid intake, diabetes, or some medications

61
Q

As fluid flows down the water permeable descending limb of the nephron loop, the osmolarity of the tubular fluid is?

A

Increasing, becoming more concentrated

62
Q

Hyperglycemia in diabetes results in glucose in the urine, a condition called what?

A

Glycosuria

63
Q

What is the source of the salts that contribute to the high osmolarity of the medullary ECF?

A

The active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- from the ascending limb of the nephron loop

64
Q

What does diabetes insipidus result from?

A

Hyposecretion of ADH

65
Q

What is the normal pH range of urine?

A

4.5-8.2

66
Q

Describe the ureters

A

They deliver urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder

67
Q

The openings of the ureters and the urethra mark a triangular area within the urinary bladder called the?

A

Trigone

68
Q

List the symptoms of diabetes mellitus

A

Polyuria, dehydration, and Glycosuria

69
Q

Urine is conveyed out of the body by a tube called the?

A

Urethra

70
Q

T of F: Gestational diabetes, diabetes insipidus, and diabetes mellitus all are characterized by glycosuria

A

FALSE. Only gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus are characterized by glycosuria. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by Polyuria

71
Q

The renal pelvis of each kidney funnels urine into a tube called a?

A

Ureter

72
Q

Describe the composition and location of the bladder?

A

A muscular sac on the floor of the pelvic cavity, inferior to the peritoneum and posterior to the pubic symphysis

A&P II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions