Lab 3.9: Endospore stain

Question 1

Some bacterial species can differentiate into dormant cells called ??

Answer 1

-endospores
-happens when environmental conditions, such as nutrient depletion or high temps are unsuitable for growth.

Question 2

Endospores are highly resistant to ?? and ??, which allows them to survive in this state for long periods of time

Answer 2

-heat and chemicals

Question 3

The endospore stain is a ?? stain used to detect the presence, shape, and location of endospores in bacterial cells

Answer 3

-differential

Question 4

What is present in the spore coat that resists staining, in which extreme measures must be taken to stain an endospore:

Answer 4

-keratin

Question 5

Most common bacterial species that produce endospores (2);

Answer 5

-Bacillus
-Clostridium

Question 6

Endospores may be located in 3 different areas of the cell:

Answer 6

-central (in the middle of the cell)
-subterminal (between end and middle of cell)
-terminal (at the end of the cell)

Question 7

The size of the endospore might be: (2)

Answer 7

-spherical
-elliptical (oval shaped)

Question 8

The shape of the endospore might be: (2)

Answer 8

-not bulging
-bulging

Question 9

What is the primary stain?

Answer 9

-malachite green

Question 10

What are cells decolorized with?

Answer 10

-water

Question 11

What is the counterstain?

Answer 11

-safranin

Question 12

Upon completion, endospores are ??, vegetative and spore mother cells are ??

Answer 12

-green
-red

Question 13

Procedure steps (9);

Answer 13

-prepare heat fix smear
-add strip of bibulous paper to cover smear
-add malachite green and heat steam for 5-7 minutes
-rinse with water
-add safranin for a minute
-rinse with water
-blot dry (gently)
-observe under microscope (10X, 40X)
-add oil for 100X

Question 14

Differential stains function to:

Answer 14

-Highlight differences between cells or parts of a cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of endospores?

Answer 15

-They have a highly impermeable outer layer

Question 16

They have a highly impermeable outer layer:

Answer 16

-To facilitate the penetration of the primary stain into the endospore

Question 17

Upon competition of the endospore staining procedure, the bacteria will appear:

Answer 17

-pink

Question 18

Endospores are produced by bacteria to surivive:

Answer 18

-poor environmental conditions

Question 19

True or False:
An endospore is a dormant form of the bacterium that allows it to survive poor/stressful environmental conditions.

Answer 19

-false

Question 20

the Schaeffer-Fulton method is another name to which staining technique

Answer 20

-endospore stain

Question 21

What is the primary stain used in endospore staining technique?

Answer 21

-malachite green

Question 22

Which of the following is the decolorizing agent used in endospore staining technique?

Answer 22

-water

Question 23

Which of the following is the counterstain used in endospore staining technique?

Answer 23

-safranin

Question 24

Upon competition of the endospore staining procedure, the endospore will appear

Answer 24

-green

Question 25

True or false:
Spores are resistant to heat and chemicals because of a tough outer covering made of the protein keratin.

Answer 25

-true

Question 26

What is the purpose of heat in the endospore staining technique?

Answer 26

-to facilitate the penetration of the primary stain into the endospore