Lab 2 (Chapter 19) Flashcards
The heart is located in the center of the thoracic cavity called the __________
mediastinum
What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the outer surface of the heart?
The visceral pericardium (also called the epicardium)
Recite the path of blood through the pulmonary circuit (9 steps)
1) Superior and inferior venae cavae
2) Coronary sinus
3) Right atrium
4) Tricuspid valve (right AV valve)
5) Right ventricle
6) Pulmonary semilunar valve
7) Pulmonary trunk
8) Left and right pulmonary arteries
9) Alveolar capillaries of the left and right lungs; here the blood picks up O2 and releases CO2
Recite the path of blood through the systemic circuit (6 steps)
1) Four pulmonary veins (2 left & 2 right)
2) Left atrium
3) Bicuspid valve
4) Left ventricle
5) Aortic semilunar valve
6) Ascending aorta
The portion of systemic circulation that provides blood for the heart muscle is called the _______ circulation
coronary
The right side of the heart has __(oxygenated or deoxygenated)_______ blood, whereas the left side of the heart has ________ blood.
The right side of the heart has deoxygenated blood, whereas the left side of the heart has oxygenated blood.
The right side of the heart is involved in the ______ circuit, whereas the left side of the heart is involved in the ______ circuit.
The right side of the heart is involved in the pulmonary circuit, whereas the left side of the heart is involved in the systemic circuit.
The left and right coronary arteries branch off what?
The ascending aorta
The branch off the left coronary artery that travels down the anterior surface of the heart is called what?
The anterior interventricular artery
After leaving the capillary beds, all the blood collects in a large vein called the _____ ______ before entering the right atrium
coronary sinus
What is the acronym to remember the order blood goes through valves?
Toilet (tricuspid)
Paper (pulmonary)
My (mitral)
Ass (aortic)
What blood vessel in the wrist is typically used for taking a patient’s pulse?
Radial artery
What blood vessel in the arm is typically used for taking a patient’s pulse?
Common carotid artery
What artery is typically used for taking a patient’s blood pressure?
Brachial artery
What is the normal pulse for a healthy adult?
70-80 bpm
What is tachycardia?
Fast heart rate (>100 bpm)
What is bradycardia?
Slow heart rate (<60 bpm)
The top number is called the _______ pressure
systolic
Define systolic pressure
The top number; the maximum pressure due to the contraction of the ventricles
The bottom number is called __________ pressure
diastolic
Define diastolic pressure
The bottom number; the pressure due to the blood against the vessel wall when the heart is relaxed
What is the order of the conduction system? (5 things)
1) SA node
2) AV node
3) AV bundle (aka bundle of His)
4) Bundle branches
5) Purkinje fibers
Define systole
Contraction
Define diastole
Relaxation
Which structure in the conduction system is considered the pacemaker?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
In which structure of the conduction system does the impulse slow down?
AV node
Why does the impulse need to slow down at the AV node of the conduction system?
So the atria have time to complete their contractions (of pushing blood into ventricles) so they can be fully filled
What wave on an ECG is atrial depolarization?
P wave
Atrial repolarization is normally obscured by what?
The QRS complex
What wave on an ECG is ventricular depolarization?
QRS complex
What wave on an ECG is ventricular repolarization?
T wave
Between which two waves of an ECG will you have atrial contraction?
P & Q
Between which two waves of an ECG will you have ventricular contraction?
S & T
What heart sound occurs at the point “S” on an ECG?
Lub (AV valves closing)
What heart sound occurs immediately after the point “T” on an ECG?
Dub (ventricles closing)
The “lub” sound of the heart is caused by what?
AV valves closing
The “dub” sound of the heart is caused by what?
Ventricles relaxing
During mid-to-late ventricular diastole, are the atria relaxed or contracted? What about the ventricles?
Both are relaxed, but the atria contract at the end of this phase
Which valves are open during mid-to-late ventricular diastole, and which valves are closed?
Open: AV valves (bi & tricuspid)
Closed: Semilunar valves (pulmonary & aortic)
What structure of the conduction system stimulates the atria to contract?
SA node
What wave of an ECG occurs just before the atria contract?
P wave
When the ventricles begin to contract, this is called _______ contraction
isovolumetric
What happens during the first part of ventricular systole?
1) Ventricles begin to contract, ventricle pressure increases
2) AV valves close; no valves are open
3) Ventricular ejection occurs; semilunar valves open
What heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole?
Lub
What wave of an ECG occurs right before the ventricles begin to contract during ventricular systole?
QRS wave/ complex
To force open the semilunar valves, is pressure greater in the ventricles or arteries?
Ventricles
What happens during early ventricular diastole?
1) Ventricles begin to relax, pressure decreases
2) Semilunar valves close; no valves are open
3) AV valves open as relaxation continues
What heart sound occurs at the beginning of early ventricular diastole?
Dub
What wave of an ECG occurs right before the ventricles begin to relax during early ventricular diastole?
T wave
The AV valves open during early ventricular diastole because the pressure in the ______ is greater than the pressure in the _______
The AV valves open because the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles
Where is the SA (sinoatrial) node?
In the back of the right atrium
Where is the AV node?
On medial wall of the right atrium
Where do the purkinje fibers go?
The papillary muscle
