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Anatomy and Physiology II > Lab 2 (Chapter 19) > Flashcards

Lab 2 (Chapter 19) Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is located in the center of the thoracic cavity called the __________

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

What is the name of the serous membrane that lines the outer surface of the heart?

A

The visceral pericardium (also called the epicardium)

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3
Q

Recite the path of blood through the pulmonary circuit (9 steps)

A

1) Superior and inferior venae cavae
2) Coronary sinus
3) Right atrium
4) Tricuspid valve (right AV valve)
5) Right ventricle
6) Pulmonary semilunar valve
7) Pulmonary trunk
8) Left and right pulmonary arteries
9) Alveolar capillaries of the left and right lungs; here the blood picks up O2 and releases CO2

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4
Q

Recite the path of blood through the systemic circuit (6 steps)

A

1) Four pulmonary veins (2 left & 2 right)
2) Left atrium
3) Bicuspid valve
4) Left ventricle
5) Aortic semilunar valve
6) Ascending aorta

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5
Q

The portion of systemic circulation that provides blood for the heart muscle is called the _______ circulation

A

coronary

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6
Q

The right side of the heart has __(oxygenated or deoxygenated)_______ blood, whereas the left side of the heart has ________ blood.

A

The right side of the heart has deoxygenated blood, whereas the left side of the heart has oxygenated blood.

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7
Q

The right side of the heart is involved in the ______ circuit, whereas the left side of the heart is involved in the ______ circuit.

A

The right side of the heart is involved in the pulmonary circuit, whereas the left side of the heart is involved in the systemic circuit.

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8
Q

The left and right coronary arteries branch off what?

A

The ascending aorta

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9
Q

The branch off the left coronary artery that travels down the anterior surface of the heart is called what?

A

The anterior interventricular artery

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10
Q

After leaving the capillary beds, all the blood collects in a large vein called the _____ ______ before entering the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

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11
Q

What is the acronym to remember the order blood goes through valves?

A

Toilet (tricuspid)
Paper (pulmonary)
My (mitral)
Ass (aortic)

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12
Q

What blood vessel in the wrist is typically used for taking a patient’s pulse?

A

Radial artery

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13
Q

What blood vessel in the arm is typically used for taking a patient’s pulse?

A

Common carotid artery

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14
Q

What artery is typically used for taking a patient’s blood pressure?

A

Brachial artery

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15
Q

What is the normal pulse for a healthy adult?

A

70-80 bpm

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16
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Fast heart rate (>100 bpm)

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17
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

Slow heart rate (<60 bpm)

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18
Q

The top number is called the _______ pressure

A

systolic

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19
Q

Define systolic pressure

A

The top number; the maximum pressure due to the contraction of the ventricles

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20
Q

The bottom number is called __________ pressure

A

diastolic

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21
Q

Define diastolic pressure

A

The bottom number; the pressure due to the blood against the vessel wall when the heart is relaxed

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22
Q

What is the order of the conduction system? (5 things)

A

1) SA node
2) AV node
3) AV bundle (aka bundle of His)
4) Bundle branches
5) Purkinje fibers

23
Q

Define systole

A

Contraction

24
Q

Define diastole

A

Relaxation

25
Q

Which structure in the conduction system is considered the pacemaker?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

26
Q

In which structure of the conduction system does the impulse slow down?

A

AV node

27
Q

Why does the impulse need to slow down at the AV node of the conduction system?

A

So the atria have time to complete their contractions (of pushing blood into ventricles) so they can be fully filled

28
Q

What wave on an ECG is atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

29
Q

Atrial repolarization is normally obscured by what?

A

The QRS complex

30
Q

What wave on an ECG is ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

31
Q

What wave on an ECG is ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

32
Q

Between which two waves of an ECG will you have atrial contraction?

A

P & Q

33
Q

Between which two waves of an ECG will you have ventricular contraction?

A

S & T

34
Q

What heart sound occurs at the point “S” on an ECG?

A

Lub (AV valves closing)

35
Q

What heart sound occurs immediately after the point “T” on an ECG?

A

Dub (ventricles closing)

36
Q

The “lub” sound of the heart is caused by what?

A

AV valves closing

37
Q

The “dub” sound of the heart is caused by what?

A

Ventricles relaxing

38
Q

During mid-to-late ventricular diastole, are the atria relaxed or contracted? What about the ventricles?

A

Both are relaxed, but the atria contract at the end of this phase

39
Q

Which valves are open during mid-to-late ventricular diastole, and which valves are closed?

A

Open: AV valves (bi & tricuspid)
Closed: Semilunar valves (pulmonary & aortic)

40
Q

What structure of the conduction system stimulates the atria to contract?

A

SA node

41
Q

What wave of an ECG occurs just before the atria contract?

A

P wave

42
Q

When the ventricles begin to contract, this is called _______ contraction

A

isovolumetric

43
Q

What happens during the first part of ventricular systole?

A

1) Ventricles begin to contract, ventricle pressure increases
2) AV valves close; no valves are open
3) Ventricular ejection occurs; semilunar valves open

44
Q

What heart sound occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole?

A

Lub

45
Q

What wave of an ECG occurs right before the ventricles begin to contract during ventricular systole?

A

QRS wave/ complex

46
Q

To force open the semilunar valves, is pressure greater in the ventricles or arteries?

A

Ventricles

47
Q

What happens during early ventricular diastole?

A

1) Ventricles begin to relax, pressure decreases
2) Semilunar valves close; no valves are open
3) AV valves open as relaxation continues

48
Q

What heart sound occurs at the beginning of early ventricular diastole?

A

Dub

49
Q

What wave of an ECG occurs right before the ventricles begin to relax during early ventricular diastole?

A

T wave

50
Q

The AV valves open during early ventricular diastole because the pressure in the ______ is greater than the pressure in the _______

A

The AV valves open because the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles

51
Q

Where is the SA (sinoatrial) node?

A

In the back of the right atrium

52
Q

Where is the AV node?

A

On medial wall of the right atrium

53
Q

Where do the purkinje fibers go?

A

The papillary muscle

Anatomy and Physiology II (40 decks)

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