Lab 1 (Chapter 18) Flashcards
Give some examples of what blood transports
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, and stem cells
What is the pH range that blood must maintain?
7.35-7.45
Would you expect your cutaneous blood vessels to vasoconstrict or vasodilate if you were too hot?
Vasodialate
Name the process that WBCs use to engulf pathogens and bring them into their cells
Phagocytosis
What cellular organelle is most important in plasma cells that create antibodies (proteins)?
Rough ER
What is the most abundant thing in plasma?
Water
What is found in plasma?
Water, proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen), and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium)
What 2 gasses do erythrocytes carry?
CO2 and O2
True or false: Erythrocytes are incomplete cells that have no nucleus or organelles
True
What do erythrocytes contain?
280 million molecules of hemoglobin
How long do RBCs/ erythrocytes live?
up to 120 days
What is the acronym to remember the order of abundance of leukocytes?
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
What do neutrophils do?
Bacterial killers; excellent phagocytes
What do neutrophils look like?
Granules in cytoplasm, multi-lobed nucleus
What do eosinophils do?
Used in allergic reactions and parasitic infections
What do eosinophils look like?
Granules in cytoplasm, bi-lobed nucleus, reddish-orange
What do basophils do?
Contain histamine for inflammatory response
What do basophils look like?
Granules in cytoplasm that are blue/purple and S-shaped
What are the two types of lymphocyte?
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes
What do lymphocytes look like?
Large nucleus with very little cytoplasm
Describe monocytes
Largest WBC, excellent phagocytes, develop into macrophages in the tissues
What do monocytes look like?
Large, kidney-bean or horseshoe-shaped nucleus
Platelets are fragments of cells called __________ that are involved in blood clotting
megakaryocytes
A high RBC count could indicate what?
Polycythemia or bone marrow cancer
A high RBC count could indicate what?
Polycythemia or bone marrow cancer
A low RBC count could indicate what?
Anemia, hemorrhage, or hemolysis
A high total WBC count could indicate what?
Infection, poison, or metabolic disease. If it’s too high with a lot of abnormal WBCs, it could be leukemia
A low total WBC count (called leukopenia) could indicate what?
TB, measles, typhoid fever, hepatitis or cirrhosis, exposure to radiation
Elevated levels of ____ could indicate an acute bacterial infection, rheumatoid arthritis, burns, stress, or normal result of exercise
neutrophils
Decreased levels of ____ could indicate a protozoan or viral infection, anemia, or malnutrition
neutrophils
Elevated levels of ____ could indicate mumps, measles, or whooping cough
Lymphocytes
Decreased levels of ____ could indicate AIDS or radiation
lymphocytes
Elevated levels of ____ could indicate chronic diseases such as TB or leukemia, chronic inflammation, or viral infection
Monocytes
Decreased levels of ____ could indicate anemia or corticosteroid treatment
Monocytes
Elevated levels of ____ could indicate allergies or parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Decreased levels of ____ could indicate a patient has received steroid therapy
Eosinophils
Elevated levels of ____ could indicate inflammatory processes
Basophils
Decreased levels of ____ could indicate hypersensitive reactions
Basophils
A person with a blood type of A+ has what antigens and antibodies?
Antigens: A, Rh
Antibodies: Anti-B
Define artery
Carries blood away from the heart
Define vein
Carries blood towards the heart
Where is the SA (sinoatrial) node?
In the right atrium
