Lab 11: Male Reproductive Flashcards
Describe the location of the ductus (vas) deferens
Low, posterior facing knob on the seminal vesicles
What does the ejaculatory duct empty into?
The prostatic urethra
Where is the prostate gland?
Below the bladder
Where is the membranous urethra?
Inside the urogenital diaphragm below the prostatic urethra
Where is the urogenital diaphragm?
A red flat muscle between the prostate and penis
Where is the corpus spongiousum of the penis?
It’s a small muscle in front of and behind the urethra
Where is the corpus cavernosum of the penis?
A large muscle in front of the urethra and corpus spongiousum
Where is the glans of the penis?
The head
What is the prepuce?
The foreskin on the glans of the penis
Why do the testes need to be outside the abdominopelvic cavity?
To keep their temperature low enough to produce sperm (below core temp)
Outside of the seminiferous tubules of the testes you can find interstitial, or ___________ cells that produce testosterone
Leydig
1) What are the stem cells that produce sperm called?
2) When are they developed, and when are they active?
3) What happens when a spermatogonia divides (what are the daughter cells)?
4) Where are spermatogonia found?
1) Spermatogonia
2) In the embryo, but are dormant until puberty
3) One of the daughter cells remains a stem cell, the other differentiates into a primary spermatocyte
4) On the outer rim of the seminiferous tubules
What two things can be found on the rim of the seminiferous tubules?
1) Spermatogonia
2) Sustenocytes (aka Sertoli cells or nurse cells)
What do sustenocytes (aka Sertoli cells or nurse cells) do?
Protect and provide nutrients to the dividing cells (spermatogonia)
1) When primary spermatocytes divide, where do the daughter cells go?
2) Are the sperm in the testes mature?
3) How long does it take a primary sperm to mature?
4) How many sperm are made a day?
1) Towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
2) No, they’re non-swimmers
3) ~70 days
4) 400 million/ day
List the steps of sperm production and division (7)
1) Spermatogonium (diploid)
2) Primary spermatocyte (diploid)
3) Meiosis I
4) Secondary spermatocytes (haploid)
5) Meiosis II
6) Spermatids (haploid)
7) Spermatozoa
1) What forms the spermatic cord?
2) What is the spermatic cord?
1) Nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, etc.
2) What the testes are attached to as they move into the scrotum of a fetus
1) Where do the testes develop in fetuses?
2) When do testes descend into the scrotum?
1) Just below the kidneys in the abdominal cavity
2) Around 7 months gestation
What is the name of the cell division spermatogonia use?
Mitosis
1) What hormone stimulates interstitial (Leydig) cells?
2) What hormone do they produce in response?
1) LH
2) Testosterone
What are spermatogonia also called? What can they be the source of?
Germ cells; testicular cancer
When does ‘crossing-over’ occur?
During Prophase I (primary spermatocytes into secondary spermatocytes)
1) What is the result of meiosis I?
2) What is the result of meiosis II?
1) 2 haploid double-stranded daughter cells (secondary spermatocytes)
2) 4 viable haploid spermatids (single stranded)
Where does differentiation into spermatozoa happen?
In the epididymis
1) How many chromosomes are in the nucleus of a sperm?
2) What are the 3 parts of a sperm?
3) What is the acrosome of a sperm?
1) 23
2) Head, midpiece of tail, tail
3) A layer around the head of the sperm, has lots of lysosomes
1) What can be found in the head of a sperm?
2) What can be found in the midpiece of the tail of a sperm?
1) The nucleus
2) Mitochondria
What 4 things contribute to the production of semen? List them from least to most sperm produced.
1) Sperm: 10%
2) Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland: trace
3) Prostate gland: 30%
4) Seminal vesicles: 60%
1) What is the fluid secreted from the seminal vesicles rich in? Why?
2) How many seminal vesicles are there? Are they anterior or posterior to the bladder?
1) Fructose; as an energy source
2) 2; posterior to urinary bladder
1) Is the fluid secreted from the prostatic gland acidic or basic? Why?
2) Is the fluid secreted from the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands acidic or basic? Where does it secrete it?
1) Slightly acidic due to the citric acid it releases
2) Basic mucus into the penile urethra
1) The 2 dorsal columns of the penis are called the _______ ______________.
2) The one ventral column is called the ___________ __________.
1) Corpus cavernosum
2) Corpus spongiosum
The distal end of the __________ __________ to form the glans penis. This area is covered by the ___________.
corpus spongiosum; prepuce (foreskin)
1) The penis consists of how many columns of erectile tissue? Name them.
2) Which allows for penetration?
3) Which keeps the urethra open?
1) 3; two corpus cavernosum and one corpus spongiosum
2) Corpus cavernosum
3) Corpus spongiosum
Trace the path of sperm from the seminiferous tubules out (7 steps)
1) Seminiferous tubules
2) Epididymis
3) Ductus (vas) deferens
4) Ejaculatory duct
5) Prostatic urethra
6) Membranous urethra
7) Spongy (penile) urethra
1) What happens in the seminiferous tubules?
2) What happens in the epididymis?
1) Meiosis occurs and sperm is produced
2) Sperm mature and can be stored for several months
1) Where is the ductus (vas) deferens
2) How is sperm propelled through it?
1) Runs up through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity and loops to the posterior portion of the urinary bladder.
2) Sperm is propelled through this tube by peristaltic contractions during ejaculation.
What two things merge to form the ejaculatory duct
Ductus (vas) deferens joins a seminal vesicle
1) Define the prostatic urethra
2) Define the membranous urethra
3) Define the spongy (penile) urethra
1) Prostatic: multiple ducts from the prostate gland also dump into the urethra during ejaculation
2) Membranous: part of the urethra that passes through the urogenital diaphragm
3) Spongy: part of the urethra found in the penis.
Near the beginning of the spongy urethra, the ducts of what glands empty into the urethra?
Two bulbourethral glands
