L7: SGA Flashcards
Def of SGA
Etiology of SGA
Etiology of SGA
- Maternal
- Maternal malnutrition (especially late in pregnancy)
- Pre-eclamptic toxemia (PET)
- Chronic maternal disease
- Heavy cigarette smoking
Etiology of SGA
- Fetal
- Chromosomal & congenital anomalies
- Congenital infections
- Metabolic disorders (e.g. Galactosemia)
Etiology of SGA
- Placental
Classification of SGA
Pathophysiology of SGA
Def of Constitutionally small infant
CP of SGA
The infant appears malnourished at birth
Complications of SGA
Complications of SGA (Perinatal Asphyxia)
- Causes
Due ta placental insufficiency)
Complications of SGA (Perinatal Asphyxia)
- Pathophysiology
Complications of SGA (Perinatal Asphyxia)
- Results
May result in intrauterine fetal death
Complications of SGA (MAS)
- Pathophysiology
Fetal distress results in passage of meconium into amniotic fluid
Complications of SGA (Hypothermia)
- Etiology
Complications of SGA (Hypothermia)
- Prevention
Warming in incubator or nursed in a warm environment
Complications of SGA (Hypoglycemia)
Complications of SGA (Hypoglycemia)
- Etiology
- Depletion of glycogen stores in the liver by effect of intrauterine distress
- The risk increases with increasing severity of growth restriction
Complications of SGA (Hypoglycemia)
- Management
Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)
Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)
- Def
Serum calcium is <7mg/dl
Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)
- CP
Usually asymptomatic but there may be jitteriness or even convulsions
Complications of SGA (Hypocalcemia)
- TTT
Polycythemia in SGA
Polycythemia in SGA
- def
Venous hematocrit value > 65%
Polycythemia in SGA
- Etiology
Increased erythropoietin production resulting front fetal hypoxia
Polycythemia in SGA
- Complications
- The increased red cell mass may lead to increased blood viscosity which interferes with vital tissue perfusion
Polycythemia in SGA
- TTT
Partial exchange transfusion
Management of SGA
