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Y4R1 - Pediatrics I 👶 > L6: LBW & Prematurity > Flashcards

L6: LBW & Prematurity Flashcards

1
Q

Def of LBW

A
  • Babies whose birth weights are & 2.5 kg
  • These infants are at increased risk of problems and may need more than primary care
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2
Q

Incidence of LBW

A

Nearly 8% of newborns

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3
Q

Classification of LBW

A
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4
Q

Def of Preterm Infant

A

Infant whose gestational age < 37 weeks

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5
Q

Incidence of Preterm Infant

A
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6
Q

Etiology of Prematurity

A
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7
Q

Etiology of Prematurity

  • Socioeconomic Factors
A
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8
Q

Etiology of Prematurity

  • Matrenal Factors
A
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9
Q

Etiology of Prematurity

  • Pregnancy Complications
A
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10
Q

Etiology of Prematurity

  • Fetal Factors
A
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11
Q

CP of Prematurity

A

The preterm baby tends to lose 10% of his birth weight in the first few days after

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12
Q

Complications of Prematurity

A
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13
Q

Complications of Prematurity

  • Respiratory
A
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14
Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

A
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15
Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

  • Intro
A

There is difficulty in establishing & maintaining respiration due to immaturity of respiratory control mechanisms leading to:
- Apnea
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Pneumonia, pneumothorax, atelectasis

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16
Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

  • Definition of Apnea
A

Cessation of respiration —> 20 seconds associated with cyanosis and/or bradycardia

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17
Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

  • Etiology of Apnea
A
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18
Q

Respiratory Complications of Prematurity

  • Managment of Apnea
A
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19
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

A
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20
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

  • Causes of Hypotension
A

It’s due to
- poor vasomotor center (VMC)
- cardiac dysfunction “LSV”

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21
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

  • PDA
A
  • It is a left to right shunt.
  • It occurs 24 - 72 hours a er birth in very premature babies.
  • Heart failure may occur
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22
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

  • Characters of PDA
A
  • Hyperactive precordium.
  • Systolic or machinery murmur in the 2nd left space.
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23
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

  • TTT of PDA
A
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24
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

  • Etiology of Hemorrhage
A
  • Vitamin K deficiency
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
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25
Q

CVS Complications of Prematurity

  • Prevention of Hemorrhage
A

Vitamin K (1 mg) → may be given prophylactically at birth

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26
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia Complications of Prematurity

  • Etiology
A

Hepatic immaturity leading to increased incidence of jaundice

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27
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia Complications of Prematurity

  • Complications
  • Def of Kernicterus
A
  • Kernicterus (deposition of bilirubin in basal ganglia) may occur at a lower level of bilirubin than full term babies leading to neurologic sequelae
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28
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia Complications of Prematurity

  • Prevention & TTT
A
  • Phototherapy: is initiated early at a lower bilirubin level (5 - 10 mg/di)
  • Exchange transfusion should be done if bilirubin reaches 15 - 20 mg/di.
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29
Q

Hypothermia Complications of Prematurity

A
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30
Q

Hypothermia Complications of Prematurity

  • Etiology
A
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31
Q

Hypothermia Complications of Prematurity

  • Effect
  • CP
A
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32
Q

Hypothermia Complications of Prematurity

  • Prevention
A
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33
Q

Retinpathy of Pregnancy

A
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34
Q

Incidence of Retinopathy of Pregnancy

A
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35
Q

Etiology of Retinopathy of Pregnancy

A
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36
Q

Complications of Retinopathy of Pregnancy

37
Q

Prevention of Retinopathy of Pregnancy

38
Q

Pathology of Retinopathy of Pregnancy

39
Q

Screening for Retinopathy of Pregnancy

40
Q

TTT of Retinopathy of Pregnancy

41
Q

Metabolic Complications of Prematurity

42
Q

Metabolic Complications of Prematurity

  • Hypoglycemia
43
Q

Metabolic Complications of Prematurity

  • Hypocalcemia
44
Q

Metabolic Complications of Prematurity

  • Metabolic Acidosis
45
Q

CNS Complications of Prematurity

46
Q

CNS Complications of Prematurity

  • HIE
47
Q

CNS Complications of Prematurity

  • ICH
48
Q

ICH in Prematurity

  • Incidence
49
Q

ICH in Prematurity

  • etiology
50
Q

ICH in Prematurity

  • Site
51
Q

ICH in Prematurity

  • CP
52
Q

ICH in Prematurity

  • INVx
53
Q

ICH in Prematurity

  • TTT
54
Q

GIT Complications in Prematurity

55
Q

GIT Complications in Prematurity

  • Poor Motility
56
Q

GIT Complications in Prematurity

  • NEC
57
Q

NEC in Prematurity

  • CP
58
Q

NEC in Prematurity

  • Complications
59
Q

Late Anemia & Rickets

  • Causes
    Prevention & TTT
60
Q

Def of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

61
Q

Characters of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

62
Q

Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

63
Q

TTT of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

64
Q

Infections in Prematurity

65
Q

Infections in Prematurity

  • Causes of Susceptibility
66
Q

Infections in Prematurity

  • Common Infections
67
Q

Infections in Prematurity

  • Common Organisms
68
Q

Infections in Prematurity

  • CP
69
Q

Infections in Prematurity

  • TTT
70
Q

Long Term Complications in Prematurity

71
Q

Managment of Preterm infants

72
Q

Managment of Preterm infants

  • In Delivery Room
73
Q

Managment of Preterm infants

  • Overall Managment
74
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Monitoring
75
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Oxygen Therapy
76
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Body Temperature
77
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Prevention of Infections
78
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Suitable Nutrition
79
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

80
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

  • Why is it difficult?
81
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

  • Initiatin of Feeding
82
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

  • Method of Feeding
83
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

  • type of Milk
84
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

  • Quantity & frequency of Feeding
85
Q

Nutrition for Preterm

  • Additional Nutrients
86
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Prevention of Hypoglycemia
87
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • Provisoon of Fluids & Electrolytes
88
Q

Overall Managment of Preterm Infants

  • TPN

Y4R1 - Pediatrics I 👶 (49 decks)

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