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Y4R1 - Pediatrics I πŸ‘Ά > L2: Development > Flashcards

L2: Development Flashcards

1
Q

Development is a continuous process from conception to maturity

A

…

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2
Q

The two main processes occur during development: …..

A
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3
Q

The direction of development is ….

A

cephalo-caudal

  • The infant controls his head before he can sit
  • The infant crawls before he can walk
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4
Q
  • The sequence of development is …. in all children
  • The rate of development …. from child to child
  • There is normal inter-individual variation
A

similar, varies

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5
Q

There are sex differences, where girls on the whole are …… in their development than boys especially in social and communication skills

A

earlier

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6
Q

The development process reflects the maturation of ….

A

the brain and nervous system

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7
Q

Assessment of development

A
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8
Q

Denever development screening test (DDST)

A
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9
Q

Fields of Denever development screening test (DDST

A

These fields are:

ο‚Œ Gross motor (locomotion, motor)

 Fine motor (Adaptive, sensory-motor, manipulation or hand-eye coordination)

ο‚Ž Personal-social (Social)

 Language (communication)

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10
Q

Def of Gross motor

A
  • It includes posture and large body movements (performed by groups of large muscles) e.g. head control, sitting, standing, etc.
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11
Q

Def of Fine motor

A

Coordination of hands and eyes, using fingers for reaching, grasping, and manipulating, etc.

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12
Q

Def of Social (Cognitive)

A
  • Social reaction of child with his surroundings and relatives and his adaptation to the environment e.g. play, self-care, etc.
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13
Q

Def of Language β€œCommunication”

A

The ability to communicate:

  • Verbally (ο‚Œintact hearing,oral musculature, ο‚Žspeech centers)
  • Non-verbally (ο‚Œuse of 4 gestures, facial expressions and ο‚Žbody language, sign language)
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14
Q

Assessment of development in premature infants

A
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15
Q

Primitive reflexes

A

β—ˆ These are normal reflex behaviors that appear early in life (maybe in utero)

β—ˆ They are lost as development progresses e.g., grasp reflex should be lost to allow voluntary reaching and grasping

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16
Q

Gross Motor

  • 3 Months
A

β—ˆ Head support when held erect
β—ˆ Raise chest when prone
β—ˆ Support weight on forearm

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17
Q

Gross Motor

  • 6 Months
A

β—ˆ Sit supported (by his arm)
β—ˆ Sit alone β‡’ 7 months

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18
Q

Gross Motor

  • 9 Months
A

β—ˆ Creeps or crawls

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19
Q

Gross Motor

  • 12 months
A

β—ˆ Walks supported (with one handheld)

β—ˆ Walks alone β‡’ 13–15 months

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20
Q

Gross Motor

  • 18 Months
A

β—ˆ Walks upstairs with 1 handheld

β—ˆ Seats himself in small chair

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21
Q

Gross Motor

  • 24 Month
A

β—ˆ Runs well

β—ˆ Walks up & down stairs alone (one step at a time)

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22
Q

Gross Motor

  • 30 Month
A

β—ˆ Walks upstairs alone (alternating feet)

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23
Q

Gross Motor

  • 36 Months
A

β—ˆ Rides & pedals tricycle
β—ˆ Climbs upstairs well
β—ˆ Jumps on spot

24
Q

Gross Motor

  • 60 Month
A

β—ˆ Hops on one foot
β—ˆ Walks heal to toe along a line

25
Q

Fine motor

  • 3 Month
A

β—ˆ Open hands spontaneously
β—ˆ Following objects

26
Q

Fine motor

  • 6 Month
A

β—ˆ Palmer grasp (Transfer objects from hand to hand)

27
Q

Fine motor

  • 9 Month
A

β—ˆ Pincer grasp (use thumb & finger)

28
Q

Fine motor

  • 12 months
A

β—ˆ Release an object on command
β—ˆ Drink from a cup

29
Q

Fine motor

  • 18 month
A

β—ˆ Feeds from a spoon

30
Q

Fine motor

  • 24 Months
A

β—ˆ Builds a tower of 6 blocks

31
Q

Fine motor

  • 30 Months
A

β—ˆ Builds a tower of 8 blocks

32
Q

Fine motor

  • 36 Months
A

β—ˆ Builds a tower of 8 blocks

33
Q

Fine motor

  • 60 Months
A

β—ˆ Draw a man (6 parts) with a
pencil

34
Q

Social

  • 3 Months
A

Social smile

35
Q

Social

  • 6 Months
A

Shows likes & dislikes

36
Q

Social

  • 9 Months
A

β—ˆ Play Peek-a-boo (hide face β‡’ sudden uncover)

37
Q

Social

  • 12 months
A

β—ˆ Come when called
β—ˆ Play with small ball

38
Q

Social

  • 18 Months
A

β—ˆ Mimics actions of others

39
Q

Social

  • 24 Months
A

β—ˆ Plays with others

40
Q

Social

  • 30 Months
A

β—ˆ Eat with knife & fork
β—ˆ Go to toilet alone

41
Q

Social

  • 36 Months
A

β—ˆ Eat with knife & fork
β—ˆ Go to toilet alone

42
Q

Social

  • 60 Months
A

β—ˆ Choose own friends
β—ˆ Dramatic group play

43
Q

Language

  • 3 Months
A

β—ˆ Coos (sounds like pigeons)
β—ˆ Says β€œaah, ngah”
β—ˆ Laughs aloud

44
Q

Language

  • 6 Months
A

β—ˆ Babbles

45
Q

Language

  • 9 Months
A

β—ˆ Repetitive sounds β€œmama, dada”

β—ˆ Imitates sounds

46
Q

Language

  • 12 Months
A

β—ˆ 1 – 2 meaningful words

47
Q

Language

  • 18 Months
A

At least 6 words

48
Q

Language

  • 24 Months
A

β—ˆ Sentences of 2 – 3 words

49
Q

Language

  • 30 Months
A

β—ˆ Uses prepositions

β—ˆ Sentences of 4 words

β—ˆ Recognizes 4 colors

β—ˆ Give full name, age & sex

50
Q

Language

  • 36 Months
A

β—ˆ Uses prepositions

β—ˆ Sentences of 4 words

β—ˆ Recognizes 4 colors

β—ˆ Give full name, age & sex

51
Q

Language

  • 60 Months
A

β—ˆ Fluent speech
β—ˆ Ask about mean of word & things

52
Q

Abnormal patterns of development

A
  • Developmental Delay
  • Developmental Regression
53
Q

Developmental delay

54
Q

Developmental regression

A

β—ˆ The child starts to lose the previously acquired new learnt skills.

β—ˆ This usually indicates degenerative brain disease

55
Q

Causes of delayed motor development (sitting / walking)

56
Q

Causes of delayed speech

57
Q

Causes of delayed smiling (beyond 6 weeks of life)

Y4R1 - Pediatrics I πŸ‘Ά (49 decks)

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