L13: Birth Injuries

Question 1

Def of Birth Injuries

Answer 1

Injuries sustained during process of labor & delivery

Question 2

Incidence of Birth Injuries

Answer 2

Question 3

Predisposing Factors for Birth Injuries

Answer 3

Question 4

Classification of Birth Injuries

Answer 4

• Superficial lesions
• Head injuries
• Nerve injuries
• Skeletal injuries

Question 5

Superficial Birth Injuries

• Examples

Answer 5

• Bruising & abrasions (relatively benign injuries that occur during birth process)
• Lacerations of scalp, face, cheek or ear in cesarean section

Question 6

Superficial Birth Injuries

• Site of Head Bruising

Answer 6

The vertex of the head commonly

Question 7

Superficial Birth Injuries

• Affected Area in Head Bruising

Answer 7

• Rather large (6-8cm is not unusual)
• Various shades of red and blue.

Question 8

Head Injuries

• Classification

Answer 8

Question 9

Extracranial Head Injuries

• Examples

Answer 9

Question 10

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

Answer 10

Question 11

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Cause

Answer 11

Question 12

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Composition

Answer 12

Question 13

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Consistency

Answer 13

Question 14

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Site

Answer 14

Question 15

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Extent

Answer 15

Question 16

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Onset

Answer 16

Question 17

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Resolution

Answer 17

Question 18

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Complications

Answer 18

Question 19

Compare Between Caput Succedaneum & Cephalic Hematoma

• Management

Answer 19

Question 20

Def of Subgaleal Hemorrhage

Answer 20

• It is a potentially fatal lesion that results from bleeding into a potential space the subaponeurotic space.

Question 21

Subgaleal Hemorrhage

• Risks

Answer 21

• Because it forms a compartment large enough to hold an infant’s entire blood volume —-> Extensive blood loss is possible, with a mortality rate as high as 22%.

Question 22

Etiology of Subgaleal Hemorrhage

Answer 22

• It can occur spontaneously; rarely they have been associated with cesarean births.
• It is most often associated with vacuum-assisted deliveries, which may produce a shearing force to the scalp, tearing the large emissary veins.

Question 23

CP of Subgaleal Hemorrhage

Answer 23

Question 24

Dx of Subgaleal Hemorrhage

Answer 24

Question 25

TTT of Subgaleal Hemorrhage

Answer 25

• Do not delay treatment waiting for CT or MRI confirmation.
• Stabilization of the infant is the immediate priority.

Question 26

Intra-cranial Injuries

• Examples

Answer 26

Question 27

Intra-cranial Injuries

• Intra-ventricular and peri-ventricular hemorrhage

Answer 27

Occurs in premature without apparent trauma between birth & 3rd day of life.

Question 28

Intra-cranial Injuries

• CP

Answer 28

Question 29

Intra-cranial Injuries

• INVx

Answer 29

Question 30

Intra-cranial Injuries

• TTT

Answer 30

Question 31

Examples of Nerve Injuries

Answer 31

Question 32

Cause of Brachial Plexus injury

Answer 32

Due to traction on neck or arm.

Question 33

Examples of Brachial Plexus injury

Answer 33

Question 34

Compare Between Brachial Plexus injuries

Answer 34

Question 35

Compare Between Brachial Plexus injuries

• Site

Answer 35

Question 36

Compare Between Brachial Plexus injuries

• Effect

Answer 36

Question 37

Compare Between Brachial Plexus injuries

• Shoulder & Arms Ms

Answer 37

Question 38

Compare Between Brachial Plexus injuries

• Hand Ms

Answer 38

Question 39

Compare Between Brachial Plexus injuries

• Associations

Answer 39

Question 40

Etiology of Facial Nerve Injury

Answer 40

• Compression of facial nerve against maternal sacrum promontory
• Incorrect forceps application

Question 41

CP of Facial Nerve Injury

Answer 41

On affected side

• Perpetually open of eye
• Obliterated nasolabial fold
• Dropping of mouth
• Ineffective suck
• Swallowing problems

Question 42

Etiology of Phrenic Nerve Injury

Answer 42

Question 43

CP of Phrenic Nerve Injury

Answer 43

Question 44

INVx for Phrenic Nerve Injury

Answer 44

Question 45

Examples of Skeletal Injury

Answer 45

• Clavicular fracture
• Shoulder fracture
• Humeral fracture
• Femoral fracture

Question 46

Compare between Clavicular Fracture & Humeral,Femoral Fracture

Answer 46

Question 47

Compare between Clavicular Fracture & Humeral,Femoral Fracture

• Incidence

Answer 47

Question 48

Compare between Clavicular Fracture & Humeral,Femoral Fracture

• Healed By

Answer 48

Question 49

Compare between Clavicular Fracture & Humeral,Femoral Fracture

• Duration of Healing

Answer 49