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Y4R1 - Pediatrics I 👶 > L1: Growth > Flashcards

L1: Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Growth

A
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2
Q

Def of Development

A
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3
Q
  • Both growth & development are not separable (i.e., go parallel to each other).
  • On the other hand: Delay or dissociation between them occurs in many pathological conditions.
A

…

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4
Q

Factors affecting growth & development

A
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5
Q

Stages of Growth & Development

A
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6
Q

Pre-Natal

  • Stages
A
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7
Q

Embryonic stage

  • Period of
  • Duration
  • Affected by
A
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8
Q

Fetal stage

  • Period of
  • Duration
  • Affected by
A
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8
Q

Peri-Natal Stage

A

From the 24th week of fetal life to the 7th day after delivery.

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9
Q

Post-Natal Stages

A
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9
Q

What is the Most critical stage of Post-Natal Stages?

A

Neonatal period

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9
Q

Neonatal period

  • Period of
  • Duration
  • Affected by
A
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9
Q

Infancy

  • Period of
  • Duration
  • Affected by
A
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10
Q

Childhood

  • Period of
  • Duration
  • Affected by
A
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11
Q

Adolesence

  • Period of
  • Duration
  • Affected by
A
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12
Q

Growth patterns

A
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13
Q

Def of Optimal Growth

A
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14
Q

Assessment of growth

A

A) History
B) Anthropometry
C) Dental eruption
D) Osseous maturation
E) Sexual development

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15
Q

Hx Taking in Assessment of growth

A
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16
Q

Methods of Pediatrics Anthropometry

A
  • Comparison of this single measurement with average for age and sex.
  • Plot this measurement on percentile charts/tables.
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17
Q

Methods of Weight Measurment

A
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18
Q

Weight at Birth

A
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19
Q

Weight Change at birth

A
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20
Q

Weight during infancy

A
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21
Q

Weight Change During Infancy

A
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22
Q

Weight in early childhood

A
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23
Q

Weight in Late childhood

A
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24
Q

Methods of Height Measurment

A
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25
Q

Height at birth

A

50 cm

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26
Q

Height During Infancy

A
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27
Q

Hight after 2 years

A
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28
Q

When do both weight & Height double & triple?

A
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29
Q

Methods of Measurment of Body Proportions

A
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30
Q

Def of (U/L ratio)

A
31
Q

What does (U/L ratio) reflect?

A
32
Q

(U/L ratio) in Cretenism

A
33
Q

Normal (U/L ratio)

A
34
Q

Significance of BMI in Pediatrics

A
35
Q

BMI in Pediatrics

A
36
Q

Method of Calculating Body surface area

A
37
Q

What Does Head circumference (Occipitofrontal circumference) Depend on?

A

◈ Brain growth “not affected by malnutrition”
 If the brain doesn’t grow adequately ⇢ Skull will be small “microcephaly”

38
Q

Measurment of Head circumference (Occipitofrontal circumference)

A

Measuring Tape

39
Q

Procedure of Head circumference (Occipitofrontal circumference)

A

The tape is applied over the glabella and supraorbital ridges anteriorly Over the occipital protuberance posteriorly.

40
Q

Normal Measurments of Head circumference (Occipitofrontal circumference)

A
41
Q

Rate of growth of head During 1st year (average)

A
42
Q

Rate of growth of head During Rest of life

A
43
Q

Measurments of Anterior fontanelle

A

At birth 2.5 X 2.5 cm.

44
Q

When does Anterior fontanelle close?

A

Closes between 6 & 18 months

45
Q

Method of Measurment of Chest circumference

A

Nipple line, person sitting, in the midway between inspiration & expiration.

46
Q

Normal Chest circumference

A
47
Q

Method of Measurment of Mid arm circumference

A

The Non-dominant arm Midway between the acromial & Olecranon process.

48
Q

Values of Mid arm circumference

A
49
Q

Sub Cutaneous skin fold thickness

A
50
Q

Percentile meaning

A
51
Q

How are Percentile tables Made?

A

obtained by measurements of thousands of normal children of same age, sex and ethnic group

52
Q

Def of Percentile growth charts

A

They are a simplified graphic representation of the growth parameters (weight, height, head circumference, etc…) plotted against age.

  • Horizontal axis ⇢ represents the age.
  • Vertical axis ⇢ represents the growth parameter data (weight, …)
53
Q

Value of Percentile growth charts

A
54
Q

Types of Percentile growth charts

A
55
Q

How to use percentile charts to assess growth?

A
56
Q

Def of Growth Velocity

A

The change in growth over time.

57
Q

Significance of Growth Velocity

A

A more sensitive index of growth than a single measurement.

58
Q

Current growth point should be compared with previous ones to determine the interval growth velocity

A

..

59
Q

Def of Failure to Thrive

A
60
Q

FTT is not a final diagnosis

A

…

61
Q

Milk tooth eruption generally starts at …..

A

6 Months

62
Q

Toddlers have the full complement of 20 teeth ……

A

by age of 2 years

63
Q

The first permanent tooth erupts …..

A

at 6 years.

64
Q

In most Egyptian children: Deciduous teeth (20 in number) & permanent teeth (32 in number) erupt

A

….

65
Q

Order of Deciduous (milk) teeth

A
66
Q

Order of Permanent teeth

A
67
Q

irst milky teeth ⇢ lower central incisors (7-8 months)

A

…

68
Q

irst permanent teeth ⇢ first molars (6-7 years

A

…

69
Q

elayed teething ⇢ if there is no teething till age of ……

A

13 months.

70
Q

Causes of delayed eruption of teeth

A
71
Q

…… is the most important lab test in the evaluation of growth.
- t’s determined radiologically.

A

Bone age

72
Q

Ossification centers present at birth in full terms ……

A
73
Q

OC of distal end of femur & proximal end of tibia are absent in …..

A

congenital hypothyroidism.

74
Q

Hand wrist X-ray ⇢ useful at ……

A

all ages of childhood.

75
Q

Lower limb X-ray ⇢ useful in …….

A

early infancy.

76
Q

Carpal centers Ossification & Age

A
77
Q

Regarding Carpal Centers, The following data are usually assessed …..

A
78
Q

Causes of Retarded bone age

A

Hypothyroidism.

Pituitary dwarfism.

Malnutrition.

79
Q

Causes Advanced bone age

A

Thyrotoxicosis.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Iatrogenic (androgen medications).

80
Q

Sexual Development

A

Y4R1 - Pediatrics I 👶 (5 decks)

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