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Y4R2 - Obstetrics I 🤰 > L4: Labor (Physiology) > Flashcards

L4: Labor (Physiology) Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology of Labor

A
  • 1st Stage
  • 2nd Stage
  • 3rd Stage
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2
Q

Physiology of 1st Stage of Labor

A
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3
Q

Def of 1st Stage of Labor

A

Stage of cervical dilatation up to fully dilated cervix.

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4
Q

Extent of 1st Stage of Labor

A

Starts e onset of labor & ends e full cervical dilatation.

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5
Q

Duration of 1st Stage of Labor

A
  • In nullipara: 10-16 hours.
  • In multipara: 6-8 hours.
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6
Q

Events of 1st Stage of Labor

A
  • Cervical Effacement
  • Cervical Dilatation
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7
Q

Def of Cervical Effacement

A

Taking up of cervix into LUS leading to shortening of cervical canal.

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8
Q

Mechanism of Cervical Effacement

A
  • Muscle fibers of internal os are taken up into LUS followed by taking up of muscles of cervical canal.
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9
Q

Relation of Cervical Effacement to Dilatation

A
  • In nullipara: Effacement occurs at 1st followed by dilatation.
  • In multipara: Both effacement & dilatation occur simultaneously.
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10
Q

Assessment of Cervical Effacement

A

a) Zero: If cervical canal is > 2 cm.
b) 50% effaced: If cervical canal is 1 cm.
c) 100% effaced: If cervical canal is < 0.25 cm.

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11
Q

Def of Cervical Dilatation

A

Progressive opening of cervix.

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12
Q

Causes “Triggers” of Cervical Dilatation

A
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13
Q

Mechanism of Cervical Dilatation

A

Cervical dilatation occurs from above downwards (internal os dilates at 1st then cervical canal & finally external os dilates).

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14
Q

Assessment of Cervical Dilatation

A
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15
Q

Pattern of Cervical Dilatation

A
  • Latent Phase
  • Active Phase
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16
Q

Pattern of Cervical Dilatation

  • Latent Phase
A
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17
Q

Pattern of Cervical Dilatation

  • Active Phase
18
Q

Extent of 2nd Stage of Labor

A

Starts è full cervical dilatation & ends è delivery of fetus.

19
Q

Def of 2nd Stage of Labor

A

Stage of expulsion of fetus

20
Q

Duration of 2nd Stage of Labor

A
  • In nullipara: 1-2 hours.
  • In multipara: 0.5-1 hour.
21
Q

Powers participating in 2nd Stage of Labor

A
  • Fetal axis pressure.
  • Bearing down main force in 2nd stage
22
Q

Phases of 2nd Stage of Labor

A
  • Vaginal descent phase
  • Perineal Phase
  • After Expulsion of Head
23
Q

Phases of 2nd Stage of Labor

  • Vaginal Descent Phase
24
Q

Phases of 2nd Stage of Labor

  • Perineal Phase
25
Q

Perineal Reflex

A

Definition: When head stretches perineum, there is reflex involuntary bearing down è each uterine contraction.

26
Q

Crowning

A

Definition:
- Permanent distension of vaginal introitus by fetal head so that vulva appears like crown on head & head doesn’t recede in () contractions due to passage of BPD through pelvic outlet.

Importance:
- Natural test for pelvic outlet (if occurred → no contracted outlet).

27
Q

After Expulsion of Head

A
  • There is short period of rest or weak contractions then strong contractions occur leading to expulsion of shoulders, trunk & LLs.
28
Q

Def of 3rd Stage of Labor

A

Stage of separation, descent & expulsion of placenta & membranes.

29
Q

Extent of 3rd Stage of Labor

A

Starts after expulsion of fetus & ends è expulsion of placenta & membranes.

30
Q

Duration of 3rd Stage of Labor

A

10-30 minutes in both nullipara & multipara.

31
Q

Phases of 3rd Stage of Labor

A
  • Separation of placenta
  • Descent of placenta
  • Expulsion of placenta
32
Q

Mechanism of Separation of Placenta

33
Q

Signs of Separation of Placenta

34
Q

Descent of Placenta

A

Into LUS & upper vagina.

35
Q

Expulsion of Placenta

A
  • From vagina, either by patient’s own expulsive efforts (bearing down) alone or aided by traction on cord.
36
Q

Methods of Delivery of Placenta

37
Q

Separation of Placenta

  • Incidence
38
Q

Separation of Placenta

  • Separation
39
Q

Separation of Placenta

  • Expulsion
40
Q

Separation of Placenta

  • Bleeding
41
Q

Separation of Placenta

  • Retention of Membranes

Y4R2 - Obstetrics I 🤰 (59 decks)

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