Keywords 1.0 (Biological Molecules) Flashcards
Section 1
Monomer
Smaller units from which larger molecules are made (e.g monosaccharides - carbohydrates, amino acids -proteins and nucleotides - DNA and RNA)
Polymer
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.
Hydrolysis
A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule.
Condensation
A reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and the elimination of a molecule of water.
Glycosidic bond
Bond formed as a result of a condensation reaction between saccharide molecules
Triglyceride
Lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid, joined by ester bonds.
Saturated
Fatty acid chains containing no double bonds.
Unsaturated
Fattty acid chains containing one or more double bonds.
Phospholipid
A lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-containing group.
Hydrophobic
Molecules which are usually non-polar and so do not mix with (repel) water.
Hydrophilic
Molecules which are usually polar and so do mix (attract) water.
Peptide Bond
Bond formed as a result of condensation reaction between two amino acids.
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate. Molecule used as the main energy source to carry out processes within cells.
Enzyme
A globular protein which acts as a catalyst.
Substrate
A molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme
