Biodiversity

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

A group of similar organisms that are able to breed with one another to produce
living, fertile offspring.

Question 2

Species diversity

Answer 2

A measure of the number of different species and the abundance of individuals in each of these species within a community.

Question 3

Species richness

Answer 3

A measure of the number of different species in a community at a given time. It is a measure of species diversity.

Question 4

Courtship

Answer 4

The behaviour by which members of a species select reproductive partners. It enables organisms to recognise their own species, identify a mate with a capacity to breed,form a pair bond, synchronise mating and become able to breed themselves.

Question 5

Why is it important for organisms with the same species to breed

Answer 5

so that they can pass their genes to their offspring.

Question 6

Example of courtship behaviours

Answer 6

E.g. The male superb bird of paradise spreads its wing and dances to attract a female.

Question 7

What name is given the complex displays helps an individual to find a mate?

Answer 7

Courtship behaviour

Question 8

Phylogenies

Answer 8

used to understand the evolutionary relationships between organisms. Phylogenies can help classify organisms.

Question 9

A phylogenetic tree

Answer 9

shows the evolutionary relationship between different species and their most recent common ancestor.

Question 10

In a phylogenetic tree, what does the point where two branches join represent?

Answer 10

Common ancestor

Question 11

Courtship behaviour takes place before mating and enables individuals to:

Answer 11

• Recognise members of their own species
• Synchronise mating
• Form a pair bond
• Become able to breed

Question 12

The scientific community evaluates the data in the following ways:

Answer 12

• The findings are published in scientific journals and presented scientific conferences.
• Scientists then study the evidence in a process called peer review
• Scientists start collecting evidence to either support or reject the suggestion

Question 13

What are closely related organisms that are grouped together called?

Answer 13

singular = Taxon

Question 14

Name the hierachy on taxon.

Answer 14

Domain.
Kingdom.
Phylum.
Class.
Order.
Family.
Genus.
Species.

Question 15

Humans can be classified in the hierarchy system as

Answer 15

Domain = Eukaryota.
Kingdom = Animalia.
Phylum = Chordata.
Class = Mammalia.
Order = Primates.
Family = Hominidae.
Genus = Homo.
Species = Homo sapiens.

Question 16

What is the naming system of classfication called?

Answer 16

Binomal system

Question 17

What the binomal name for humans?

Answer 17

Homo sapiens

Question 18

Genus

Answer 18

The taxa in which Homo and Panthera are classified within.

Question 19

Taxa

Answer 19

Groups in which closely related organisms are grouped together.

Question 20

Hierarchy

Answer 20

The series that each taxon is arranged into.

Question 21

Kingdom

Answer 21

The taxa in which animals, plants and fungi are classified within.

Question 22

What helps clarify evolutionary relationships

Answer 22

Genome sequencing (e.g. the relationship between skunks and weasels).

Question 23

What is the courtship behaviour of peacocks?

Answer 23

Male peacocks show their beautifully patterned tails to the female peahens

Question 24

What is the name for the evolutionary relationship of an organism or group of organisms?

Answer 24

Phylogeny

Question 25

What are the rules for the binomial naming system used in classification?

Answer 25

- The names are always written in italics if they are typed. - The binomial system consists of genus and the species of an organism - The names are always underlined if hand-written

Question 26

What is the name given to an area where an organism lives?

Answer 26

Habitat

Question 27

How does the biodiversity at the equator differ to the biodiversity at the poles?

Answer 27

The equator is typically biodiverse than the poles

Question 28

In the equation for the index of diversity, d, what do N and n represent? d = \frac{N(N - 1)}{\Sigma \; n(n-1)} Σn(n−1) N(N−1) :

Answer 28

N = The total number of organisms of all species present n = total number of organism of each species present

Question 29

What does a greater value for the index of diversity indicate?

Answer 29

A more diverse community

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a way in which agriculture can reduce biodiversity?

Answer 30

Reforestation

Question 31

What are some examples of conservation schemes that can avoid agricultural impacts on biodiversity?

Answer 31

1. Protecting endangered species to avoid extinction. 2. Protecting specific areas with high biodiversity so that they cannot be developed into farmland. 3. The Environmental Stewardship Scheme encourages farmers to balance agriculture with conserving biodiversity. eg allowing plants to grow around fields.

Question 32

How can genetic diversity between and within species be investigated?

Answer 32

1. Comparing measurable and visible characteristics 2. Comparing DNA base sequences 3. Comparing mRNA base sequences 4. Comparing amino acid base sequences

Question 33

What is the percentage difference in the amino acid sequence for cytochrome C between mammals and insects?

Answer 33

33%