DNA, Genes and Chromosomes.

Question 1

Where is DNA found?

Answer 1

Nucleus

Question 2

Where is RNA found?

Answer 2

The cytoplasm of the cell

Question 3

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 3

Holds genetic information

Determines our inherited characteristics.

Question 4

What is the function of RNA?

Answer 4

Tansfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 5

What are nucleotides?

Answer 5

The biological molecules act as the building blocks of nucleic acids. They are found in both DNA and RNA

Question 6

What are the components of Nucleotides?

Answer 6

Pentose sugar, Phosphate group and Nitrogen-containing base

Question 7

What are the components of DNA nucleotide?

Answer 7

Are deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of the organic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine or thymine.

Question 8

What are the components of RNA nucleotide?

Answer 8

Are ribose, a phosphate group and one of the organic bases adenine, cytosine, guanine or uracil.

Question 9

What does a condensation reaction between two nucleotides form?

Answer 9

A phosphodiester bond.

Question 10

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 10

A DNA molecule is a double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs.

Question 11

What is a DNA molecule?

Answer 11

A DNA molecule is a double helix with two polynucleotide chains held together by hydrogen bonds between specific complementary base pairs.

Question 12

How are nucleotides formed?

Answer 12

They join together by phosphodiester bonds formed in condensation reactions. The result is a dinucleotide, which joins to form polynucleotides. The bond forms between the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another.

Question 13

Base pairing nitrogen-containing organic bases occurs as follows:

Answer 13

Adenine ALWAYS pairs with Thymine

Guanine ALWAYS pairs with Cytosine

Question 14

Why is DNA a stable molecule?

Answer 14

• The phosphodiester backbone protects the more chemically reactive nitrogen-containing organic bases inside the double helix.
• Hydrogen bond form bridges between the phosphodiester uprights. As there are three
  the hydrogen bond between guanine and cytosine, rather than two for adenine and thymine, a higher proportion of C—G pairings makes DNA more stable.

Question 15

change in DNA on a chromosome affects all proteins made from that gene for the life of the cell. A change in the RNA involved in protein production is short-lived.

What is the difference between the effects of the changes in the two types of nucleic acids? A-A*

Answer 15

DNA is a genetic material that is passed from parents cells to daughter cells and future generations.

Question 16

change in DNA on a chromosome affects all proteins made from that gene for the life of the cell. A change in the RNA involved in protein production is short-lived.

What is the difference between the effects of the changes in the two types of nucleic acids? (A-A*)

Answer 16

DNA is a genetic material that is passed from parents cells to daughter cells and future generations.

Question 17

What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

A-A*) (AO3/4

Answer 17

DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, Whereas RNA contains ribose and uracil

Question 18

Which option best describes results that would prove that DNA, not protein, is the primary source of heritable information? (A-A*) (AO3/4)

Answer 18

The DNA and protein of the virus were tagged with different isotopes and exposed to host cells where only the DNA was transferred to the host.

Question 19

Which molecule carries information in a form that is inherited from one generation to another? (A-A*) (AO3/4)

Answer 19

Hereditary information is stored in DNA

Question 20

A change in DNA on a chromosome affects all proteins made from that gene for the life of the cell. A change in the RNA involved in protein production is short-lived.

What is the difference between the effects of the changes in the two types of nucleic acids? (A-A*) (AO3/4)

Answer 20

DNA is a genetic material that is passed from parents cells to daughter cells and future generations.

Question 21

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 21

DNA & RNA

Question 22

What monomers are DNA and RNA made from?

Answer 22

Nucleotides

Question 23

What do many Nucleotides form?

Answer 23

Polynucleotides which make up nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA

Question 24

The components of a DNA nucleotide are:

Answer 24

A deoxyribose sugar.
A phosphate group.
An organic base - adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T).

Question 25

The components of an RNA nucleotide are:

Answer 25

A ribose sugar.
A phosphate group.
An organic base - adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), uracil (U).

Question 26

Base pairing in DNA

Answer 26

Adenine (A) can pair with thymine (T).
Guanine (G) can pair with cytosine (C)

Meaning that there is always an identical number of adenine and thymine bases and of guanine and cytosine bases in DNA.

Question 27

If the sequence of one strand of DNA is AATTGGCC, what would the sequence of the complementary strand be?

Answer 27

TTAACCGG

Question 28

What types of bonds occur between nucleotides to hold a single ploynucleotide chain together?

Answer 28

Phophodiester bond

Question 29

Describe the structure of DNA.

Answer 29

Made up of a Deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of 4 organic bases (A, C, G, T). It is double-stranded, and H bonds between the bases form a helix shape.