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Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool > Kevin’s Cards about The Egyptian Civilization > Flashcards

Kevin’s Cards about The Egyptian Civilization Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the Ancient Egyptian Civilization flourish

A

In the Nile River Valley

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2
Q

What did the Early Greek Historian Herodotus call Egypt

A

Herodotus called Egypt the gift of the Nile

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3
Q

How did flooding work in the Nile

A

Every year by late July, a month after the rainy season began in central Africa, huge amounts of water coursed down the Nile. As rain swelled the River, the Nile began to overflow its banks, flooding the parched length of land. This was usually a gentle rise-not as violent as the flooding along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. For several weeks the Nile would cover the land with muddy water. When the River receded in September, it left behind a strip of rich, black soil several miles wide on each side

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4
Q

They were ruled by kings who claimed to be what

A

Gods

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5
Q

What were some of the Egyptians achievements

A

Egyptians built gigantic pyramids that still dazzle us, they recorded their lives in elaborate picture-writing, they pondered life after death, preserving the bodies of their dead as mummies and preparing them to journey to the afterlife

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6
Q

The Egyptians were the what of the greatest ancient civilizations

A

2nd

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7
Q

The Egyptian culture flourished for how long

A

More than 3,000 years, making it one of the longest-lived civilizations in all of history

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8
Q

In ancient Egypt everything began and ended with what

A

The Nile

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9
Q

What is the climate and ecosystem of Egypt like

A

Almost all of Egypt is desert- a dry, brown-red land where life struggles for a foothold.

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10
Q

What did the Egyptians call their environment

A

The Egyptians themselves called the forbidden desert, Deshert, meaning “red land”

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11
Q

What did Egyptians call their country

A

Egyptians called their country “Kemet”, which meant Black land, after this dark silty soil

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12
Q

What did Egyptians learn on the long strip of black land

A

On the long strip of land the Egyptians learned how to till and hoe the land and also harvest crops

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13
Q

What were the Egyptians irrigation process

A

Over the centuries, Egyptians harnessed the floodwaters of the Nile for irrigation. They learned to Chanel the precious water to holes called “catchment basins”, rationing it to their fields when needed. They also used ox-drawn plow, which helped them till their fields

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14
Q

What vegetation did Egyptians grow in the fertile, rich black soil

A

The Egyptians grew wheat for their bread and barley for their beer. Cattle, sheep, and goats fed on cereal chaff. Onions, beans, lentils, dates, figs, grapes, pomegranates, and flax to make linen

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15
Q

The Nile was also used as what for the Egyptians

A

The Nile was also a roadway the Egyptians used for trade and travel between the villages that sprang up along the River banks

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16
Q

When did Egyptians learn to make sailboats

A

By 3200 B.C. the Egyptians had learned to make sailboats and began to send trading vessels across the Mediterranean and the Red Sea

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17
Q

What is the Egyptian Capital

A

Memphis is the Egyptian Capital and became a major center of trade

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18
Q

What countries does the Nile (including the Blue and White Nile) run through

A

Uganda, Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda

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19
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Cedar

A

Lebanon

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20
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Juniper

A

Lebanon

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21
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Timber

A

Lebanon

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22
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Copper

A

Egypt

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23
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Silver

A

Syria

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24
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Gold

A

Sudan

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25
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Incense

A

Sudan

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26
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Lapis Lazuli

A

Afghanistan

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27
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Ebony

A

Sudan

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28
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Ivory

A

Sudan

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29
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Cattle

A

Sudan

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30
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Horses

A

Iraq

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31
Q

Where did the Egyptians get Ostrich Features

A

Kenya

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32
Q

How many nature gods did the Egyptians worship

A

More the 1,500 deities

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33
Q

Re

A

The god of the blazing sun that fills the Egyptian sky nearly everyday of the year. Pictured with a falcon head crowned by a solar orb, Re was the most important of all deities. His light and heat ensured good harvests. He was believed to be the father of the Egyptian ruler

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34
Q

Osiris

A

The powerful leader of the dead, and his sister Isis was a mother goddess. This god was greatly loved and known to help people in many ways

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35
Q

Isis

A

Isis was a mother goddess. Egyptians prayed to Isis for the healing of their children. This god was greatly loved and known to help people in many ways

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36
Q

Horus

A

The son of Osiris and Isis. This falcon-headed god was at first the god of the sky, pictured with the sun as one eye and the moon as the other. He became the patron deity for the king. The king even claimed to be the living Horus

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37
Q

Nut

A

Nut was worshipped as the sun goddess and shown with wings outstretched protecting the vaults of the heavens.

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38
Q

Thoth

A

Thoth was the god of knowledge and wisdom with the long, curved beak of ibis, Thoth dug for knowledge the way birds used their bills to dig for food. They prayed to him for good fortune and protection

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39
Q

Anubis

A

Anubis is the guardian of the dead

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40
Q

What are the oldest and largest stone structures in the world called

A

Pyramids

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41
Q

How were the pyramids built and how long did it take

A

These pyramids were built without modern machinery, metal tools, explosives, or even work horses. Thousands of workers worked on it for 20 - 30 years to complete it

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42
Q

Why did Egyptians call their king pharaoh

A

The Egyptians believed that each of their own kings was the god Horus who had come down to rule on Earth. They respected their god-king so much that they thought it was disrespectful to speak about him directly. So instead of saying the rulers name, they used the word pharaoh meaning Place or great house

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43
Q

What power did the pharaoh exercise

A

He was head of the government, general of the army, chief priest, and ruled as the god Horus

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44
Q

For whom did the Egyptians build the pyramids and why did they build them

A

The Egyptians built their pyramids for kings, queens, and other royalty. The pyramid was a tomb and also a home for the next life

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45
Q

Why did Egyptians mummify bodies

A

Egyptians mummified bodies because they believed that people would use their bodies in the afterlife

46
Q

What is a Sphinx? What was its purpose

A

A Sphinx is a stone statue with the head of a man and body of a lion. The Egyptians built Sphinxes to stand guard over temples and tombs, including the magnificent pyramids

47
Q

What was the process of building the pyramids

A

First the Egyptians used wooden hammers, copper chisels, stone mauls, and saws to cut huge limestone blocks from quarries. Next they hauled the blocks to the building site. There, stone masons smoothed the sides and squared the corners of the blocks before other gangs pushed them into place. After the bottom layer of blocks was set, workers built long ramps of earth and brick, and sled crews dragged more more blocks up the ramps so they could keep building upward. After all the layers were in place, the workers sometimes covered the sides of the pyramid with white stones to make it gleam in the desert sun

48
Q

What are similarities between pyramids and ziggurats

A

They were both constructed without using modern machinery, both inspire wonder and awe, and both required great organization and division of labor

49
Q

What are the qualities of a ziggurat

A
  • Made of sun-dried brick and baked brick
  • A temple for the cities god
  • Decorated with paint and gems sometimes
  • A center for city life
50
Q

What are the qualities of a pyramid

A
  • Oldest and largest structures in the world
  • Royal homes for eternity
  • Some still stand today
  • Sometimes covered in white stones to gleam from a distance
51
Q

What does Hieroglyphics mean

A

“Sacred Carvings”

52
Q

The Egyptians believed who made the Hieroglyphs

A

The Egyptians believed that Thoth, the god of knowledge and wisdom, invented this precious system that combined pictures and sounds

53
Q

Hieroglyphs were mainly carved where

A

Hieroglyphs were carved mostly on temple walls, tombs, and monuments, sometimes, to record the exploits of the pharaoh

54
Q

Who were the Scribes

A

Scribes were important members of Egyptian society and kept the official Egyptian records

55
Q

At material did Egyptians invent to write on

A

They invented a paper like material called papyrus

56
Q

How did Egyptians use hieroglyphics

A

To write and communicate with others and also for religious purposes, such as tombs

57
Q

After the Egyptian civilization came to an end, people eventually forgot how to read hieroglyphics. What object did French soldiers discover in 1799 that helped scholars learn how to read hieroglyphics

A

The Rosetta Stone

58
Q

How many years passed since the Rosetta Stone was created and the time the French soldiers discovered it

A

1,995 years. (The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C. and discovered in A.D. 1799 - 1995 years.)

59
Q

How did the Rosetta Stone help the scholars decipher hieroglyphics

A

The stone had 3 sections and one was in Greek, which we know how to read. Scholars realized that the other sections probably said the same thing as the Greek section. Over a 20 year period, scholars matched the Greek with the hieroglyphics. This allowed them to read other ancient Egyptian documents

60
Q

Where does papyrus grow

A

Papyrus grows in marshes along the Nile

61
Q

How do Egyptians make their paper like material

A

The Egyptians cut strips of the papyrus’ stalks, press them together, and used them to write on

62
Q

Who deciphered the hieroglyphics

A

Champollion

63
Q

Where does the alphabet we use today come from

A

The alphabet we use today comes from the alphabet the Phoenicians developed

64
Q

Who were the Phoenicians

A

The Phoenicians were another group of people who lived on the Mediterranean coast of the Fertile Crescent in ancient times

65
Q

Many modern alphabets are molded after what

A

The Phoenician Alphabet

66
Q

Who is known as the father of tautology

A

Taautos

67
Q

What were Egyptian water tournaments like

A

There were 2 teams of boats filled with men with long poles, all trying to knock each other into the River

68
Q

What is Senet

A

Senet was an Ancient Egyptian board game carved from wood and was a lot like backgammon

69
Q

What did Ancient Egyptians where

A

White Linen Garments

70
Q

What did men and women wear

A

Men wore skirts or robes and women had dresses

71
Q

What did Egyptians like

A

Perfume

72
Q

How many female pharaohs have there been

A

4 female pharaohs

73
Q

Who was Hatshepsut

A

A female Pharaoh

74
Q

How long did Hatshepsut rule

A

For 15 years ( 1473 to 1458 B.C)

75
Q

What were Queen Hatshepsut’s character traits

A

She was a powerful, energetic queen who liked to tackle big projects

76
Q

Did Egyptians have pets

A

Yes they had dogs

77
Q

What were difference between the Poor and the Rich in Egypt based on what they ate

A

Wealthy Egyptians drank wine while the poor Egyptians drank beer. The wealthy also ate meat on a regular basis but the poor couldn’t since meat was expensive

78
Q

What were some activities Egyptians enjoyed doing

A

Egyptians enjoyed hunting, fishing, and water sports, and they played board games

79
Q

What were activities common to Egyptian boys and girls

A

Boys and girls played with tops, balls, dolls, and wooden animals

80
Q

What did many Well-to-Do Egyptians like

A

Many Well-to-Do Egyptians also enjoyed sumptuous banquets that featured musicians playing lyres, harps, and flutes

81
Q

What did the Men and Women of Egypt wear

A

Men and Women wore papyrus sandals and had wigs (popular)

82
Q

What were children hair cuts like

A

Children had shaved heads and one long braid

83
Q

What were the jobs of Egyptians

A

Jobs: Farming, working in the vineyards, herding, hunting, fishing, and mining. Some worked as servants for the wealthy and others were craftsmen, and their skills included carpentry, stone, masonry, sculpting, bead making, and brick making. Women made cloth by spinning and weaving flax

84
Q

How was the housing of Egyptians like

A

Housing: Most ancient Egyptians homes were made of bricks. The wealthy Egyptians often had large, spacious houses that had a central garden or courtyard. Beds, stools, and low tables were the most common pieces of furniture in the average home. Furniture and pottery were highly decorative

85
Q

Which class was the average person in

A

The Lower Class

86
Q

What is the 4th period that historians sometimes include about Egypt

A

The Late or Decline Period - - when Egypt’s power began to ebb

87
Q

What are the 3 main periods of ancient Egyptian history

A

The Old Kingdom (2686 - 2181 B.C.), The Middle Kingdom (1991 - 1786 B.C.), and The New Kingdom (1554 - 1070 B.C.)

88
Q

What were some of the Egyptians’ most important accomplishments during the Old Kingdom

A

Khufu’s Great Pyramid and other pyramids at Giza were built

89
Q

What were some of the Egyptians’ most important accomplishments during the Middle Kingdom

A

Egyptians greatly expanded their reach. They conquered territory to the south and traded with lands as distant as Syria, greatly extending their realm of influence

90
Q

In which kingdom did Hatshepsut rule

A

The New Kingdom

91
Q

Name two male pharaohs who ruled during the New Kingdom that are still famous today

A

King Tut and Ramses ll

92
Q

How long did the Egyptian civilization last

A

More than 3,000 years

93
Q

Why was the Egyptians civilization separated into 3 kingdoms or periods

A

Since the ancient Egyptian civilization lasted more than 3,000 years

94
Q

Which kingdom was the most glorious of Egyptian ages

A

The New Kingdom

95
Q

What were the Egyptians’ religious beliefs before Akhenaten came to power

A

People believed in many gods

96
Q

How did Akhenaten change and challenge the traditional religious beliefs of Egyptians

A

He made people worship a god they didn’t know about, and made there only be one god, Aten

97
Q

What important change did Tutankhamen make in his small rule

A

He immediately set about resorting the traditional gods of Egypt

98
Q

What was the significance of Howard Carter’s discovery of Tutankhamen’s tomb

A

It was one of the only tombs found still intact with not a lot of stolen jewelry

99
Q

What are the historians’ views on Akhenaten

A

Some historians view Akhenaten as a religious visionary who was sincere in trying to bring new religious thinking to Egypt. Others maintain that he was only interested in taking political power away from the priests of Egypt, and that his religious beliefs weren’t sincere

100
Q

Who was Ramses ll

A

An Egyptian pharaoh who ruled from 1290 to 1224 B.C. He was a mighty warrior, builder, and statesman

101
Q

How was Ramses ll depicted

A

Ramses donned his leopard skinned cloak, mounted his chariot, and prowled the borders of his kingdom

102
Q

After the battle of Kadesh, where did Egyptian control extend

A

After the stalemate at Kadesh, Ramses ll signed a treaty with the Hitties that gave the Egyptians control of Southern Syria

103
Q

When and how did Egypt’s New Kingdom end

A

Egypt’s new kingdom came to an end around 1070 B.C. when, weakened by internal struggles, Egypt itself became prey for its neighbors. The kingdom suffered invasions and rule by a series of former dynasties. Over the years Egyptians adopted some of these outsiders’ ways. The conquers, meanwhile, began to follow some Egyptian customs. The foreign rulers happily took the title pharaoh and even adopted the Egyptian religion. With all these changes and the passing of time, the ways of Ancient Egypt gradually faded

104
Q

What were some of the Egyptian customs that the foreign conquers adopted

A

The name pharaoh and their religion

105
Q

What made Ramses different than every other pharaoh before him

A

Ramses built more temples and tombs than any other pharaoh before him

106
Q

How tall was Ramses ll

A

5ft9”, this is 4 inches taller than the average Egyptian male

107
Q

How did Ramses like to do things

A

Ramses ll loved to do everything on a grand scale

108
Q

Ramses’ what fended off invaders who threatened Egypt’s vast realm

A

His highly trained army of charioteers, archers, and foot soldiers, he put down revolts and fended off invaders who threatened Egypt’s vast realm

109
Q

The Great Power of the pharaoh Ramses ll is displayed in what

A

In the buildings he ordered to be made

110
Q

What is Abu Simbel

A

A set of temples near Egypt’s border with Sudan. Ramses ll had this temple built. He ruled Egypt for more than 60 years during the 13 century B.C. (19th Dynasty)

111
Q

Why do historians study art and architecture

A

To understand a society’s values and priorities

112
Q

What do artifacts tell us

A

How monuments were constructed, who did the work and what skills they had, and what natural resources were available in a region

Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool (37 decks)

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