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Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool > Kevin’s Cards about Genetics and Heredity > Flashcards

Kevin’s Cards about Genetics and Heredity Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics Definition

A

The study of how heritable characteristics are determined and passed from parents to offspring

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2
Q

Heredity Definition

A

The ability to pass on genetics traits, such as color of the eyes, from parent to child through DNA

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3
Q

When did the understanding of genetics begin

A

The understanding of genetics began with a 19th century Augustinian monk who grew pea plants in the garden of a monastery in Austria, named Gregor Mendel

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4
Q

Who is considered the father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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5
Q

Heritable Definition

A

Transmitted from parents to offspring regardless of environment

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6
Q

What is a Genetic Counselor

A

A person who has studied genetics and advises people on genetic issues, such as diseases

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7
Q

What did Gregor Mendel notice about pea-plants

A

Gregor Mendel noticed pea plants had certain identifiable and measurable features, or characteristics

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8
Q

Characteristics Definition

A

An identifiable or measurable feature of an organism, such as size, color, or texture

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9
Q

What features did Mendel notice about pea plants

A

Height, flower color, and seed texture

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10
Q

What did Gregor Mendel wonder about pea plant’s characteristics

A

He wondered if these went from generation to generation

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11
Q

Due to his wonder of heritable traits in pea plants, what did Mendel do to find out of pea plant characteristics go from generation to generation

A

To find out, Mendel cross-pollinated pea plants exhibiting different characteristics and observed the offspring. He then crossed the offspring with one another to see which characteristics showed up in the next generation of plants. He observed that some characteristics, such as flower color, seed shape, and seed color, were heritable, or passed on from parents to offspring regardless of environment

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12
Q

Cross Pollination Definition

A

The process of transferring pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower. In Mendel’s investigation, the pollen was transferred from the anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower one a different plant

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13
Q

Factors Definition

A

The term Mendel used to describe what he hypothesized must be in all cells of organisms that determine the way traits are transmitted from parents to offspring

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14
Q

What did Mendel reason about the way traits are inherited

A

Mendel reasoned that certain factors in the cells of an organism determined the way traits are transmitted from parents to offspring

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15
Q

The qualities Mendel observed in his pea plants are referred to what today

A

Traits

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16
Q

Trait Definition

A

The specific observable form of an inheritable characteristic, such as tall height, pink for flower color, or smooth for seed texture

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17
Q

What is a true-breeder

A

A plant that pollinates itself

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18
Q

What is an independent variable

A

The factor that changes or manipulates in an experiment

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19
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

The dependent variable responds to the independent variable, which is what the scientists measure

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20
Q

What generation are the original two plants that Mendel used in

A

The parent generation

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21
Q

What generation are the first set of offspring Mendel produced

A

The first generation

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22
Q

What realization of Mendel was critical to his understanding of inheritance

A

His realization that the first-generation plants were not true-breeding

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23
Q

Dominant Definition

A

The characteristic of a trait that is expressed whether the trait is passed on from one or both parents

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24
Q

What did Mendel hypothesize about the dominancy of traits in the pea plants

A

He hypothesized that one factor, trait from parent, is dominant over the other

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25
Q

Recessive Definition

A

The characteristic of a trait that is never expressed in the presence of a dominant trait, and is expressed only if the trait is passed on from both parents

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26
Q

Why do true-breeding plants produce identical offspring

A

The factors of a particular trait in true- breeding plants therefore must be the same (for example YY or yy). This is why true-breeders keep producing the same type of progeny when crossed with themselves

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27
Q

What are the basic units of inheritance called

A

The basic units of inheritance, which Mendel called factors, are called genes by scientists today

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28
Q

Genes Definition

A

A section of a chromosome that typically contains the code for a particular protein, which determines a specific trait

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29
Q

What are scientists referring to when talking about genes

A

When scientists talk about genes, they are typically referring to sections of DNA that control the production of the cell’s proteins - and hence all of the activities and characteristics of an organism

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30
Q

True of False: There are different forms of the height gene that can make a plant grow tall or remain short

A

True

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31
Q

What determines if a pea plant is tall or short

A

Whether a pea plant is tall or short depends on which alleles of a gene that plant carries

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32
Q

Alleles Definition

A

One of the form s of a gene

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33
Q

True or False: In any species where there are two parents, the offspring will inherit one form, or allele, of a gene from each parent

A

True

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34
Q

What is the non-dominant allele known as

A

The recessive allele

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35
Q

What are the most important proteins in your body

A

Many of the most important proteins in your body are enzymes, which can speed up chemical reactions

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36
Q

What is the “Central Dogma”

A

The central dogma or rule of molecular biology depicts the flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to protein. This was created by Francis Crick

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37
Q

DNA Definition

A

Heredity material in a double-helix shape

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38
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Large bundles of tightly coiled DNA. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs in each non-sex cell for a total of 46 chromosomes

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39
Q

What does each gene contain

A

Each gene contains typically the code for a single protein

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40
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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41
Q

How many chromosomes does a sex cell have

A

A sex cell has exactly 23 chromosomes, or 1/2 the number of chromosomes you would find in another type of cell

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42
Q

Why do sex cells only have 23 chromosomes instead of 46

A

Sex cells have half the number of chromosomes as other body cells because during the process of fertilization, one cell from each of two parents combines to form a new organism

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43
Q

True or False: Specific chromosomes in sex cell come together to form pairs

A

True

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44
Q

Due to fertilization, what type of chromosomes does the resulting offspring have

A

The resulting offspring has the chromosomes of two sex cells

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45
Q

When specific chromosomes in sex cells come together to form pairs, what are the two chromosomes in the pairs called

A

Homologous chromosomes

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46
Q

Homologous Chromosomes Definition

A

Chromosomes of the same type, which have the same form and the same genes, but not necessarily the same alleles for any given gene

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47
Q

How do the genes compare between homologous chromosomes

A

Each chromosome in a homologous pair of chromosomes carries the same set of genes as its homolog, or partner

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48
Q

How do the alleles compare between homologous chromosomes

A

Each half of a pair of homologous chromosomes contains one of the two alleles that a pea plant inherits for seed color

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49
Q

Chromosomes Definition

A

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and proteins that carries genetic information in the form of genes within a cell’s nucleus

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50
Q

Karyotype Definition

A

A picture of all the chromosomes found in a single human cell

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51
Q

What happens if both alleles in a pair of genes are the same

A

If both alleles in a pair of genes are the same, then the organism is said to be homozygous for that trait

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52
Q

Homozygous Definition

A

Having two identical alleles for a gene being considered

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53
Q

What does homo mean

A

“The same”

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54
Q

What happens if both alleles in a pair of genes are different

A

If each allele from a pair of genes is different, the organism is said to be heterozygous for that trait

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55
Q

Heterozygous Definition

A

Having two different alleles for a gene being considered

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56
Q

What does hetero- mean

A

Different

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57
Q

What are the chromosomes of females

A

XX

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58
Q

What are the chromosomes of males

A

XY

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59
Q

The sex of the offspring is determined by which parent

A

The male parent

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60
Q

In the early 1900s, who created the Punnett square

A

Reginald Punnett

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61
Q

Punnett Square Definition

A

A grid used to predict the results of genetic crosses

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62
Q

Genotype Definition

A

The particular alleles present in an organism for a characteristic or a set of characteristics

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63
Q

Phenotype Definition

A

The particular traits expressed, or visible, for a set of characteristics

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64
Q

Species Definition

A

A taxonomic category representing a group of individual organisms that resemble one another closely and are able to interbreed

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65
Q

Hybrids Definition

A

In genetics, the word hybrid is used to describe any heterozygous individual. But it is also used to describe offspring born of parents of different species

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66
Q

Organisms within a species usually have what

A

Organisms within a species often have different alleles of a trait

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67
Q

Why do you look different from your parents

A

Because of your genes

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68
Q

Why do humans look different from one another

A

Because they have different combinations of alleles

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69
Q

Why do humans look similar to one another

A

Since they have the same number and kinds of chromosomes

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70
Q

Variation Definition

A

Differences that exist between individuals of the same species

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71
Q

True or False: Each species carries a certain number of chromosomes and certain kinds of chromosomes

A

True

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72
Q

True or False: Having more chromosomes means a species is more complex

A

False

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73
Q

True or False: Having more genes does not make a species more complex

A

True

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74
Q

True or False: Each species has a unique set of chromosomes and genes

A

True

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75
Q

Genetic Codes Definition

A

Typically, species that are closely related or that evolved from a common ancestor will share similar genes

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76
Q

True or False: The more genes two species have in common, the more similarities they will have

A

True

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77
Q

True or False: DNA, the blueprint of life, makes copies of itself so that organisms can pass on their genetic information to their young

A

True

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78
Q

DNA Definition

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; this is the molecule, unique to each individual, carrying the genetic information to be found in every cell; all the information an organism needs to live and reproduce is contained in its DNA

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79
Q

Chromosomes Definition

A

A single long molecule of DNA wound around special proteins

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80
Q

How are chromosomes in eukaryotes like

A

In eukaryotes, chromosomes tend to be linear

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81
Q

How are chromosomes in prokaryotes like

A

In prokaryotes, the essential genes required for growth and reproduction are carried on one long, circular chromosome

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82
Q

Where do prokaryotes contain smaller DNA genes

A

Some prokaryotes carry smaller genes in circular DNA molecules called plasmids

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83
Q

What do plasmids help do

A

Plasmids help prokaryotes better survive in their environment

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84
Q

How does the DNA found in each cell of an organism compare

A

They are identical

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85
Q

How long is DNA when unraveled

A

It is taller than you (6ft)

86
Q

What allows chromosomes to be tightly packaged

A

Special packing proteins associated with DNA allow chromosomes to be packaged tightly into the nucleus

87
Q

Double helix Definition

A

In biology, the term used to describe the shape of DNA; helix means spiral, and the two sides of the DNA strand make it a double spiral

88
Q

What is every molecule of DNA made up of

A

Nucleotides

89
Q

Nucleotide Definition

A

A subunit of a nucleic acid molecule that is made up of sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

90
Q

DNA has 4 different types of nucleotides that are all identical except for the base. What are they

A

These four nucleotides are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

91
Q

How is DNA’s structure formed

A

DNA’s unique structure is formed by linking large numbers of individual nucleotides

92
Q

What does a DNA molecule consist of

A

A DNA molecule consists of two strands of individual nucleotides linked together and twisted to form a double helix

93
Q

Is the DNA sequence readable

A

The sequence of the nucleotide base pairs (DNA sequence) represents a type of code to cells, though it is not easily readable in its original form

94
Q

How do you make the DNA sequence easier to read

A

To make this code into a more readable format by cells, it is first transcribed into messenger RNA, or mRNA, and ultimately translated into a sequence of amino acids, making a protein

95
Q

Transcription Definition

A

The synthesis of an RNA molecule using a DNA molecule for a template

96
Q

RNA Definition

A

Ribonucleic acid; nucleic acid that uses the instructions stored in DNA to build proteins

97
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA) Definition

A

A type of RNA molecule with a complementary code to the part of the DNA molecule that codes for protein structure, and that carries that message from the DNA (in the nucleus) to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it determines the order of amino acids in the protein

98
Q

Translation Definition

A

The synthesis of protein using the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein

99
Q

How are 3 base groups of DNA transcribed

A

Every group of 3 bases of the DNA, read from one end of the strand to another, is first transcribed into mRNA. This is accomplished by way of numerous enzymes within the nucleus

100
Q

Protein Making Sequence

A

DNA to mRNA (via transcription) to amino acids (via translation) to protein

101
Q

Where does transcription occur

A

In the nucleus of a cell

102
Q

Where does translation occur

A

In the cytoplasm of the cell

103
Q

Why are transcription and translation necessary

A

Transcription is necessary to convert DNA code into readable mRNA sequences. Translation is necessary to translate mRNA sequences into amino acids

104
Q

How is mRNA created

A

mRNA is created by copying one side of the DNA double helix

105
Q

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA

A

The main difference between DNA and RNA is that instead of thymine as one of its four bases, RNA has uracil (U), which will also pair up with adenine

106
Q

What are the complementary bases in RNA

A

Uracil and Adenine; Cytosine and Guanine

107
Q

What are the four different types of nucleotide bases in RNA

A

Uracil (U), Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)

108
Q

Due to DNA’s and RNA’S similar structure, what can RNA do

A

Because the structure of RNA is so much like the structure of DNA, it can act as one side of DNA to copy information from the DNA code

109
Q

The mRNA is created along segments of a DNA molecule called what

A

Genes

110
Q

How can RNA copy DNA

A

RNA can copy DNA because the complementary bases can pair with each other

111
Q

What is the base-pairing rule for DNA

A

Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine

112
Q

What is the base-pairing rule for RNA

A

Uracil pairs with adenine, and guanine pairs with cytosine

113
Q

What happens after mRNA copies the information from the gene

A

After the mRNA copies the information from the DNA segment (the gene), it detaches from the DNA and moves out of the nucleus. Then the RNA works to turn the instructions into protein

114
Q

What are the three types of RNA that have roles in making proteins

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

115
Q

What does mRNA do

A

Messenger RNA, or mRNA, carries a message from the DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the message will be “read”. The message is a sequence of amino acids to make the protein

116
Q

What does tRNA do

A

Transfer RNA, or tRNA, carries the amino acids that will make up the protein

117
Q

What does rRNA do

A

Ribosomal RNA, of rRNA, makes the proteins in the ribosome of the cell

118
Q

Which process creates sex cells

A

Meiosis

119
Q

What is tRNA (Structure)

A

tRNA is RNA with folded structures containing loops to recognize and decode mRNA

120
Q

What is rRNA

A

rRNA is a structural component of a ribosome

121
Q

Which cell division process produces gametes

A

Meiosis

122
Q

At the end of meiosis, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have

A

Meiosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

123
Q

Gametes Definition

A

A collective word for sex cells, eggs and sperm, or for any cell that combines with another to form a zygote

124
Q

Zygote Definition

A

The cell that results from the fusion of two gametes

125
Q

What is the first cell of a new individual

A

The zygote is the first cell of a new individual and contains the usual number of chromosomes

126
Q

Diploid Definition

A

Having two of each type of chromosome, constituting pairs of homologous chromosomes with the same genes

127
Q

What is the ending result of meiosis

A

At the end of meiosis, the parent cell will have produced four gametes, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent. This is the haploid number, or 1n, number

128
Q

Haploid Definition

A

Containing one chromosome of each type

129
Q

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis

A

Their outcomes

130
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis

A

Mitosis ends with two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

131
Q

What is the outcome of meiosis

A

Meiosis ends with four daughter cells, each with half the genetic material of the parent cell, and each with a unique combination of genes

132
Q

What do the gametes at the end of meiosis consist of

A

When gametes form at the end of meiosis, they carry randomly distributed alleles from the parent

133
Q

Which two stages is meiosis divided into

A

Meiosis I and Meiosis ll

134
Q

What happens during meiosis l

A

Homologous chromosomes separate

135
Q

What happens during meiosis ll

A

Sister chromosomes separate

136
Q

What happens before meiosis l

A

All chromosomes make copies of, or replicate, their DNA, but the replicated chromosomes (or chromosome pairs) remain attached to each other at their centromeres (Interphase)

137
Q

What happens during meiosis l

A

1) Homologous chromosomes pairs line up side by side during metaphase l. Remember that except for different sex chromosomes, homologous chromosomes contain the same set of genes
2) At the end of meiosis l, each replicated chromosome separates from its pair and moves to one end of the cell. The other chromosome of the pair moves to the other end and two new cells form
3) Each of the 2 cells formed at the end of meiosis l contains a complete set of chromosomes

138
Q

What happens during meiosis ll

A

1) The replicated chromosomes (or chromatid pairs) in each of the two cells line up along the middle of the cell, and then the chromatids separate at the centromere during anaphase ll. These separated chromatids are now called chromosomes
2) Each chromosome moves to the end of the cell, and the cell divides
3) Four gametes result, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell (1 chromosome from each original chromosome pair)

139
Q

How do cells divide in meiosis

A

In meiosis, each of the two daughter cells from the first division divides into two new cells in the second division, making four cells

140
Q

What cell division process creates genetic variation from one individual to another

A

Meiosis

141
Q

What is the order of the phases in meiosis

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

142
Q

What happens in prophase l

A

Chromosomes coil and become more compact; spindle starts to form

143
Q

What happens in metaphase l

A

Chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell

144
Q

What happens in anaphase l

A

The chromosome pairs separate and go to opposite sides of the cell

145
Q

What happens in Telophase and Cytokinesis l

A

The cell and its contents begin to divide in the middle, with half of the chromosomes going to each new cell

146
Q

What happens in prophase ll

A

Chromosomes coil and become more compact; spindle starts to form

147
Q

What happens in metaphase ll

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

148
Q

What happens in anaphase ll

A

Chromosomes split and begin to move apart

149
Q

What happens in Telophase and Cytokinesis ll

A

Chromosomes reach opposite sides of the cell, unravel, and incorporate into 2 new nuclei

150
Q

What produces genetic diversity

A

Meiosis

151
Q

What is similar about meiosis and mitosis: Stages

A

Both meiosis and mitosis have phases with the same names, taking place in the same order

152
Q

What is similar about meiosis and mitosis: Chromosomes

A

Both meiosis and mitosis involve the chromosomes inside your cells

153
Q

What is different about meiosis and mitosis: Results

A

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells, and meiosis in four genetically different haploid cells. Meiosis also has more steps

154
Q

What is similar about meiosis and mitosis: Preparation and Division

A

In both mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes are copied, forming chromosome pairs, or chromatids. Chromatids are joined together at the centromere

155
Q

What is different about meiosis and mitosis: Phases

A

Mitosis has fewer phases because it is simply copying the genetic material, which takes only one cycle. However, meiosis requires 2 cycles of cell division

156
Q

What happen in the 2 cycles of meiosis

A

The 1st cycle is the copying of genetic material, and the second cycle is the separating of genetic information so that each cell has half the number of chromosomes as a regular cell

157
Q

Why do all multi-celled organisms need cell division

A

To grow and heal

158
Q

Our bodies came from one cell that kept dividing. Why do you think they need these new cells?

A

They need to create new cells to heal, grow, and metabolize

159
Q

Why is meiosis important to a species

A

It produces genetic diversity, which helps health

160
Q

Which is more important: Meiosis or Mitosis

A

They are equally important

161
Q

What type of cells does Mitosis include

A

Two diploid cells

162
Q

Each gene specifies for what

A

Each gene specifies for the production of certain proteins, which in turn, cause certain traits to be expressed

163
Q

What is a nucleotides

A

A DNA molecule

164
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of

A

A phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen containing base

165
Q

What forms the DNA double-helix

A

The 4 nucleotides pair with each other to join the two strands of DNA, forming the ladder-like double helix

166
Q

What happens when DNA replicates

A

When DNA replicates, it unwinds and a copy is made of each DNA strand

167
Q

Mutation Definition

A

Any change in a gene or a chromosome

168
Q

What is a mutation

A

A mutation is any change in DNA or RNA

169
Q

How do the effects of mutations vary

A

Mutations can be helpful, harmful, or have no effect at all

170
Q

What are some causes of mutations

A

Chemicals, viruses, and radiation sometimes cause mutations

171
Q

How does meiosis contribute to mutations

A

Mistakes during the meiosis process are another cause of mutations

172
Q

What is the bodies attempt to stop and identify mutations

A

Within the cell, specific proteins are able to find and repair many mutations. These proteins do not always find the mutations, however

173
Q

What happens to a mutation that remains undetected

A

A mutation that remains undetected in the cell may be passed on when the cell divides. If mutation occurs in an egg or sperm cell, the mutation may be passed on to the offspring

174
Q

What do scientists believe about mutations

A

Scientists believe mutations play an important role in how species change over time

175
Q

How did avian flu, or bird flu, mutate

A

The virus that contains avian flu, or bird flu, mutates so that it is more resistant to treatment

176
Q

How does smoking cause mutation

A

Smoking causes mutation in lung cells, causing lung cancer

177
Q

What are the four bases in DNA

A

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

178
Q

What do the sequence of bases in RNA and DNA form

A

The sequence of the bases of DNA and RNA molecules form a code

179
Q

How are genes and proteins related

A

Genes contain specific sequences that are transcribed as mRNA and translated to produce specific proteins. The sequence of genes determine the proteins produced

180
Q

What can a change in a base in DNA and RNA affect the gene

A

A change in one base of the sequence may affect the entire code of the gene

181
Q

True or False: All mutations occur in one or two nucleotides

A

False; Not all mutations occur in one or two nucleotides

182
Q

How major are small-scale mutations

A

Small-scale mutations are often repaired or reversed by certain processes within the cell

183
Q

How major are large-scale mutations

A

Large-scale mutations are serious

184
Q

What happens in large-scale mutations

A

In large-scale mutations, large sections of chromosomes are changed, or sections of a chromosome may be duplicated. This may result in extra copies of a gene that may “amplify” the effects of that gene. Conversely, large sections of a chromosome may be deleted, resulting in the loss of entire genes

185
Q

What do large-scale mutations change

A

They alter internal and external appearances

186
Q

True or False: Changes in traits of a species is caused by natural selection

A

Ture

187
Q

Natural Selection Definition

A

Process by which organisms with certain traits survive to reproduce and pass on those traits to their offspring

188
Q

Selective Breeding Definition

A

The process of breeding organisms with the most desirable traits

189
Q

How long does it take a desired trait in selective breeding to appear

A

Selective breeding takes many generations to produce the desired trait

190
Q

In selective breeding, how long does it take to achieve the desired gene combination

A

Since many genes are being shuffled in each breeding experiment, it can take many generations to achieve the desired combination of genes

191
Q

Genetic Engineering Definition

A

The manipulation of DNA to produce molecules or organisms with new properties

192
Q

What hormone does genetic engineering help humans produce

A

Insulin

193
Q

What is insulin

A

Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use and store sugar

194
Q

People that can not produce insulin posses which disease

A

Diabetes

195
Q

How did insulin used to be extracted before genetic engineering

A

Insulin used to be extracted from cows and pigs, but this process often resulted in extracts with impurities and caused immune reactions in people with diabetes since the extracted protein was not human

196
Q

What did Frederick Sanger do in 1955

A

In 1955, Frederick Sanger determined the amino acid sequence of human insulin. For this work, he received the 1958 Nobel prize in chemistry. This sequence was used to genetically engineer bacteria to produce large amounts of pure human insulin

197
Q

Insulin is an example of what

A

Insulin is one of the first examples of a drug produced using genetic engineering techniques to make safer, more efficient quantities

198
Q

How do individuals with diabetes use insulin

A

Individuals with diabetes use genetically engineered insulin engineered insulin to control their disease without the side effects caused by cow or pig insulin

199
Q

Exactly how is genetically engineered insulin produced

A

Scientists insert the human gene for producing insulin into the chromosome of a bacterium. This bacterium now has the genetic instructions for making insulin. As the bacterial cell produces in the lab, each cell produces human insulin

200
Q

How are many drugs and vaccines being made by now

A

They are now produced using genetic engineering

201
Q

How are genetically engineered drugs and vaccines safer

A

Genetically engineered drugs and vaccines are safer and better than ones with dead bodies or microorganisms since their based on a human protein

202
Q

How do organisms change

A

Organisms change through natural selection, selective breeding, and genetic engineering

203
Q

Why do crops fail to thrive

A

Crops fail to thrive due to pests, weed competition, poor soil, and weather conditions

204
Q

How can genetic engineering help plants and other animals

A

Genetic engineering can produce pest-resistant crops, frost-resistant crops, crops that can stand salty soil, foods that can bring vitamins or vaccines to parts of the world with no modern medicine, fish that glow under ultraviolet light, and pigs with less saturated fat

205
Q

When is genetic engineering a possible threat

A

Some genetic engineering technologies produce organisms that interact with the environment. This could cause problems that might be difficult to contain

206
Q

What may help in the future if a gene has a defect

A

When a gene has a defect, a genetic engineering technique known as gene therapy may help in the future

207
Q

Gene Therapy Definition

A

A process used to treat or correct a genetic disease or disorder by replacing missing or defective genes

208
Q

What happens in one type of gene therapy

A

In one type of gene therapy, cells with defective genes are replaced with cells with normal genes

209
Q

What is the goal of gene therapy

A

To restore the normal function of the cells

210
Q

What is the risk of gene therapy

A

Since gene therapy is still a new procedure, it can be risky and may not be effective

211
Q

What are the two methods of changing genes

A

Genetic engineering and gene therapy

Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool (37 decks)

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