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Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool > Kevin’s Cards about Organisms and Their Needs > Flashcards

Kevin’s Cards about Organisms and Their Needs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 challenges of life

A

Obtaining and Using energy, reproducing, maintaining structure

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2
Q

What are organism’s basic needs

A

Water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Food, The right Environment

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3
Q

What happens when plants do not receive enough water

A

When plants do not receive enough water, its cells, do not keep their shape. They shrink, and the plant wilts

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4
Q

True or False: Water is necessary for physical and chemical processes

A

True

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5
Q

What must happen to substances that are important for survival before they can be used

A

Substances that are important for survival must be dissolved in water before they can be used by organisms

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6
Q

How do bacteria obtain water

A

Bacteria obtain water by allowing individual water molecules to enter through the cell membrane

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7
Q

Why is water important

A
  • Sweating
  • Saliva
  • Fighting Disease
  • Protection
  • Oxygen
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8
Q

Why do cells need oxygen

A

Cells need oxygen for the many chemical reactions taking place in your cells that release energy

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9
Q

What do single-called organisms use to meet their basic needs

A

Other chemicals other than oxygen

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10
Q

True of False: All organisms can survive in oxygen

A

False

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11
Q

What is Iron used for in the body

A

Iron is a material needed to build red blood cells

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12
Q

Adaptation Definition

A

Something about an organism that allows it to live and reproduce effectively in its particular environment

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13
Q

Why can many organisms survive in places

A

Many animals can survive in places only because they are able to take shelter from the outside environment

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14
Q

What does offspring need for reproduction to succeed

A

The offspring needs room to grow

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15
Q

What happens if a person’s internal temperature climbs above 44 degrees

A

If a person’s internal temperature climbs above 44 degrees, important chemicals in the body are destroyed

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16
Q

When do you shiver and sweat

A

You sweat when you are too warm and shiver when you are too cold

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17
Q

What are sweating and shivering

A

Adaptations

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18
Q

If a person gets too hot what happens to the blood flow

A

More blood flows to the skin

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19
Q

How does sweating cool you down

A

Sweat glands in the skin produce a solution of mostly water that evaporates through pores at the skin’s surface. Evaporation uses heat energy. Loss of heat from the skin cools the blood, and the cooled blood flows back through the body

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20
Q

How does shivering warm you up

A

Shivering is a way of getting warm. The muscles used in shivering produce extra heat, and this extra heat will warm you

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21
Q

What happens to blood vessels during shivering

A

During shivering, blood vessels in the skin constrict. As a result, less blood would loose heat to the air. This conserves body heat

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22
Q

Homeostasis Definition

A

Maintenance of a stable condition in a system, generally by processes that compensate for changes

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23
Q

Endotherms Definition

A

An animal that regulates its body temperature by producing heat within its own tissues

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24
Q

Ectotherms Definition

A

An animal that regulates its body temperature by using heat from the surrounding environment

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25
Q

Where do plants sweat from

A

Stomata

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26
Q

Stomata Definition

A

Tiny openings in the leaves of a plant through which the plant takes in and releases gases

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27
Q

What happens to excess water in a paramecium

A

Excess water in a paramecium is collected in a vacuole called the contractile vacuole. When the vacuole is full, it opens a small pore to the outside and contracts, expelling the water.

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28
Q

How much water do living organisms consist of

A

Living organisms are about 50% to 90% water

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29
Q

How do humans lose water

A

Humans lose water through their skin, lungs, kidneys, and intestines

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30
Q

What happens to cells when too much water is lost

A

When too much water is lost, cells become dehydrated

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31
Q

What makes a thirst response

A

Certain neurons detect less water in the body. These cells trigger a thirst response in the individual

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32
Q

What makes a hungry response

A

When someone has not eaten in a while, the amount of sugar in the blood decreases. Certain brain cells detect this change and make the person feel hungry

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33
Q

What happens when the stomach is empty

A

When the stomach is empty, a person will feel hungry an will want to eat

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34
Q

True or False: Some people are unusually sensitive to certain substances, called allergens

A

True

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35
Q

What are human nasal passages sensitive to

A

Human nasal passages are sensitive to certain substances in the air, such as chemicals, dust, or pollen. When sneezing, these are expelled

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36
Q

What happens when people with hay fever are exposed to certain allergens

A

When people with hay fever are exposed to certain types of allergens in plant pollen, they sneeze, have runny noses, and their eyes water to get it out of their system

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37
Q

What do sunflowers do in response to the moving sun

A

Sunflowers turn their flowers toward the sun as it moves across the sun

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38
Q

Population Definition

A

A group of individuals of the same species that exist together at a given place and time

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39
Q

Population Size Definition

A

The number of individuals in a population

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40
Q

Population Density Definition

A

The number of individuals of a population in a defined area

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41
Q

What is the Formula for population density

A

D = n/area where n is the number of individuals and D is the density

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42
Q

Ecologist Definition

A

A scientist who studies how living things relate to each other and their environments

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43
Q

Exponential Growth Definition

A

A growth pattern in which a population doubles at regular intervals

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44
Q

What do Ecologists do as a starting point to predict the way a population would grow overtime

A

As a starting point, ecologists predict the way a population would grow over time if there were nothing to stop its growth. This is shown by exponential growth

45
Q

Are exponential growth predictions usually true

A

Exponential growth predictions are rarely true in nature

46
Q

What are factors that limit the growth of populations

A

Space, food, nesting places, light, and mates

47
Q

Carrying Capacity Definition

A

The maximum size a population that a particular environment can support

48
Q

What is the difference of the appearance of the data of a graph showing carrying capacity and exponential

A

The data of a graph showing carrying capacity (s-shaped) is different from exponential growth (j- shaped)

49
Q

Model Definition

A

An artificial representation of a real system or process, designed to help understand the structure of behavior of the actual system or process

50
Q

True or False: Models of populations can be very different from the reality

A

True

51
Q

Why are ecological models valuable

A

Ecological models are valuable because they help scientists predict what will occur in real life

52
Q

True or False: Populations usually stay constant

A

False; populations rarely stay constant and instead they often go through cycles of increases and decreases

53
Q

What usually occurs after an increase in population

A

A period of rapid decrease usually follows

54
Q

Community Definition

A

All of the populations living and interacting within a specific environment

55
Q

Biome Definition

A

A large area dominated by the characteristics plants and animals a having a particular climate

56
Q

At the most general level, what are the 2 kinds of biomes

A

Aquatic biomes and land biomes

57
Q

Where is most of the matter from on Earth

A

Most of the matter on Earth is the same matter present when Earth was formed

58
Q

What is the basis for all life on Earth

A

Carbon atoms

59
Q

What is found in all molecules that make up living organisms- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (organic molecules)

A

Carbon atoms

60
Q

What are the qualities of carbon

A

1) Carbon can connect with other atoms including other carbon atoms
2) Carbon can form chains of varying lengths, with varying degrees of branching
3) Carbon can connect to other types of atoms to form a huge variety of molecules
4) Bonds can be changed of broken in chemical reactions, but are strong enough to stay together

61
Q

Carbon Cycle Definition

A

The processes that are involved in the flow of carbon through the environment

62
Q

Where is Carbon Dioxide found

A

Carbon Dioxide is found in the air and dissolved in water

63
Q

How do bacteria and algae get food

A

Bacteria and algae use photosynthesis to make their own food (Cyanobacteria is an example)

64
Q

When animals eat plants, how does that contribute to the carbon cycle

A

When animals eat plants, carbon is passed to them and becomes part of the animals’ bodies

65
Q

When do plants and animals breakdown glucose

A

Plants and animals breakdown glucose during the process of cellular respiration. In this process, some carbon is returned to the atmosphere as Carbon Dioxide

66
Q

Cellular Respiration Formula

A

C6H12O2 + O2 —— CO2 + H2O + energy

67
Q

How do fossil fuels contribute to the carbon cycle

A

When fossil fuels and organic matter burn, CO2 is released into the atmosphere

68
Q

What is the most abundant organic molecules in living things

A

Proteins

69
Q

What is a key element in proteins

A

Nitrogen

70
Q

Nitrogen Cycle Definition

A

The processes that are involved in the flow of nitrogen through the environment

71
Q

What is crucial to the success of the Nitrogen cycle

A

Bacteria

72
Q

What percentage of the gasses in the atmosphere does nitrogen gas make up

A

78%

73
Q

True of False: Most organisms can use the nitrogen from nitrogen gas

A

True

74
Q

True or False: Some types of bacteria can use the nitrogen from nitrogen gas and live on beans, clovers, and peas

A

True

75
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

Bacteria chemically combine nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH3). This process is called nitrogen fixation

76
Q

What is ammonia

A

Ammonia is a form of nitrogen that plants absorb and use to make proteins

77
Q

What is ammonia in the soil converted into

A

Ammonia in the soil is then converted to another form of nitrogen, called nitrate, by nitrifying bacteria

78
Q

What do plants do with nitrate

A

Plants can take nitrate from soil and use it to make proteins

79
Q

What do denitrifying bacteria do

A

Bacteria, called denitrifying bacteria, convert nitrate back into nitrogen gas

80
Q

Hydrosphere Definition

A

The liquid layer of the earth, made up of the earth’s waters; the oceanic parts of the hydrosphere cover about 3/4 of the earth’s surface

81
Q

Trophic Level Definition

A

A producing or feeding level in a food chain

82
Q

What do producers (plants) use glucose for

A

Producers (Plants) also use glucose as a source of building blocks for other materials that make up their bodies- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

83
Q

What is the source of energy for almost all ecosystems

A

The source of energy for almost all ecosystems is the energy in sunlight

84
Q

What does glucose contain

A

Glucose contains stored energy from the sunlight

85
Q

What do deep-sea vent ecosystems use as their primary source of energy

A

Deep-sea vent ecosystems do not use the sun as their primary source of energy and instead use heat and chemicals that bubble up from the vents

86
Q

What is the ultimate source of chemical energy in almost every ecosystem

A

Photosynthesis

87
Q

Food Chain Definition

A

One Pathway of producing and consuming food in an ecosystem

88
Q

Food Web Definition

A

All of the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem

89
Q

What is the role of phytoplankton in a marine ecosystem

A

As a producer

90
Q

In nature, what may individuals compete for

A

Light, food, water, mates, space, or a place to live

91
Q

Where might competition occur

A

Competition may be among members of the same species within a population or among different species in a community

92
Q

What is Social Hierarchy

A

Social hierarchy is a ranked structure of members within a population that occurs by competition among members

93
Q

How is a wolf pack structured

A

Social hierarchy

94
Q

What is an alpha male

A

An alpha male is the wolf with the most freedom

95
Q

What is a lone wolf

A

A lone wolf is at the bottom of the pack

96
Q

True or False: Some animals are territorial and compete against packs

A

True

97
Q

When does competition among members of the same population occur

A

Only in stressful conditions

98
Q

What do Sagebrush and Creosote bushes do for protection

A

They produce chemicals that poison any other type of plant growing too close to them

99
Q

Symbiosis Definition

A

A relationship between organisms of two different species living indirect contact with one another

100
Q

What are the three types of symbiosis

A

Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism

101
Q

Mutualism Definition

A

A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit from the relationship

102
Q

What is the mutual relationship between Mycorrhiza a and plants

A

Mycorrhiza, the fungus that grows around plant roots, benefits plants by making it much easier for the roots to absorb the water and minerals the plant needs for growth and in return, the fungus benefits by getting nutrients from the plant made in photosynthesis

103
Q

Why does a Hawaiian bobtail squid glow

A

The bobtail squid glows due to the special organ that reflects light given off by bacteria in the squid

104
Q

What does a Hawaiian bobtail squid do when it hatches

A

When a bobtail squid hatches, it allows itself to become “infected” with a type of bacterium that emits light

105
Q

Commensalism Definition

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one participant benefits from the relationship and the other is neither harmed nor harmed

106
Q

What is the commensalism relationship between barnacles and whales

A

Barnacles on whales get a ride and are able to eat passing food particles but the whale isn’t injured or benefits

107
Q

What is the commensalism relationship between silverfish and ants

A

Silverfish gain food and protection while the army ants do not benefit or get injured

108
Q

Parasitism Definition

A

A symbiotic relationship in which one participant benefits from the relationship and the other is harmed

109
Q

In a Parasitic relationship, what is the organism that benefits and is harmed called

A

The organism that benefits is the parasite and the organism that is harmed is called the host

Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool (37 decks)

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