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Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool > Kevin’s Cards about Adaptation and Change > Flashcards

Kevin’s Cards about Adaptation and Change Flashcards

1
Q

What species do dogs belong to

A

Dogs belong to the species, Canis familiaris

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2
Q

Trait Definition

A

A characteristic, such as hair color, plant height, or blood type

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3
Q

Throughout history, what have people done with dogs

A

Throughout history, people have breed different dogs with favorable traits. This breeding has gradually led to many different dog breeds with a wide range of traits

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4
Q

What were basset hounds bred for

A

Basset hounds were bred for hunting, in part because they have an excellent sense of smell

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5
Q

What were German Shepards bred for

A

German Shepards were bred to be all-purpose working dogs

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6
Q

What were Collies bred for

A

Collies were bred to tend flocks of sheep

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7
Q

What were Siberian huskies bred for

A

Siberian huskies were bred to pull dog sleds through the snow

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8
Q

What have people done with horses over hundreds of years

A

They have bred them for desired traits

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9
Q

What were Clydesdales horses bred for

A

They were bred to pull heavy loads

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10
Q

What were Thoroughbred horses bred for

A

They were bred to be fast

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11
Q

Where does corn originate

A

In the Americas

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12
Q

What happened as corn spread to new cultures

A

As corn spread to new cultures, people discovered new uses for it. Due to this, they selected types of corn with traits that fit their purposes and grew corn from kernels, or seeds, that had those traits

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13
Q

What have plants near mines adapted to

A

Near mines, plants have adapted to the contaminated soil caused by toxic metals like lead and zinc

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14
Q

Can bacteria respond to stimuli

A

Yes, bacteria can change in response to the environment, and they reproduce quickly and can go through many generations very rapidly

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15
Q

What did Alexander Fleming discover in 1928

A

In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic that could kill the bacterium staphylococcus aureus, and became the first modern antibiotic; was a treatment for s.aureus infection in 1941

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16
Q

What are the effects of s.aureus

A

It causes illness ranging from mild skin infection to life life threatening diseases

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17
Q

What happened in 1946, with the s.aureus virus

A

In 1946, some s.aureus bacteria inherited a new trait and were immune to penicillin

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18
Q

What happened in 1950, with the s.aureus virus

A

By 1950, 40% of s.aureus bacteria were immune

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19
Q

What happened in 1960, with the s.aureus virus

A

By 1960, 80% of s.aureus bacteria were immune

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20
Q

What is happening now with the s.aureus virus

A

Now, about 100% are immune and we need to find new antibiotics

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21
Q

True or false: climate and weather can cause change in an organism

A

True

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22
Q

How have House sparrows adapted to the NorthAmerican weather from Europe

A

House sparrows were brought to North America from Europe in the 1850s and have changed size due to weather

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23
Q

How does weather vary the size of house sparrows

A

Sparrows in the cold are larger than ones in warmth

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24
Q

Niche Definition

A

All the physical, chemical, and biological conditions a certain species needs in order to live and reproduce

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25
Q

How did Galapagos Finches adapt to droughts

A

Due to a drought, Galapagos Finches had to find new food and grew longer beaks to eat larger seeds

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26
Q

Who was Charles Darwin

A

Charles Darwin was a famous scientist in the 1800s. His studies led him to make contributions to the theories of evolution and natural section

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27
Q

Who were Peter and Rosemary Grant

A

Peter and Rosemary Grant are biologists at Princeton University who have conducted researched based on Darwin’s work. Their work has helped scientists understand how species change over time

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28
Q

Adaptations Definition

A

Something about an organism that allows it to live and reproduce effectively in its particular environment

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29
Q

Why do organisms adapt

A

To meet the 3 challenges of life

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30
Q

What are structural adaptations

A

Structural adaptations are an organism’s tools for survival

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31
Q

What are the structural adaptations of Humpback whales

A

They have enormous mouths that they use to swallow vast amounts of water, and use hairlike structures on their upper jaws, called baleen, to filter the water so when they spit, they trap crustaceans and small fish for food

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32
Q

What do structural adaptations help an organism do

A

Structural adaptations help animals escape, defend themselves, or hide from predators

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33
Q

What is a structural adaptation of a snowshoe hare

A

A snowshoe hare camouflages with the snow to hide from predators

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34
Q

What is a structural adaptation of a poison dart frogs

A

Poison dart frogs use bright coloration to warn predators of its poisonous skin

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35
Q

What is a structural adaptation of a leafy sea dragon

A

Leaf-like structures help the leafy sea dragon to blend in with kelp

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36
Q

How do male proboscis monkeys attract mates

A

Male proboscis monkeys use their large noses to attract mates

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37
Q

How do male elk attract mates

A

They show off their large racks of antlers to females

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38
Q

Behavior Definition

A

An action or set of reactions that an organism undergoes in response to a stimulus

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39
Q

What type of adaptation is hunting

A

Behavioral adaptation

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40
Q

Learned Behavior Definition

A

A behavior that an organism acquires through experience

41
Q

What type of behavior is hunting

A

A learned behavior

42
Q

Innate Behavior Definition

A

A behavior that is genetically fixed; it is built into the organism

43
Q

Is an innate behavior learned or inherited

A

Inherited

44
Q

What is an innate behavior also called

A

An instinct

45
Q

What did Nikolas Tinbergen discover

A

He discovered that male three-spines stickleback fish act violently when they see red because during their mating season, male necks turn red and they need to fend off other males if they want to reproduce (instinct)

46
Q

Hibernate Definition

A

To spend the winter inactive, or dormant, to survive

47
Q

Dormant Definition

A

In a state of rest or inactivity

48
Q

Phototropism Definition

A

Light’s influence on growth

49
Q

True or False: the giant panda species in extinct

A

False, it is endangered

50
Q

What is the main reason for the decrease in the panda population

A

Rapid change in the environment

51
Q

How many pandas are living in their natural habitat

A

1,600

52
Q

How did the dodo bird population go extinct

A

The did bird population went extinct in a span of 59 years due to Europeans hunting them down in the 1600s and rats, cats, pigs, and dogs eating their eggs

53
Q

Why did the dodo bird population go extinct

A

Dodo birds were not adapted to live life with predators

54
Q

True or False: Dodos could fly

A

False

55
Q

True or False: the Komodo dragon is endangered

A

True

56
Q

True or False: The thylacine, also known as the Tasmanian wolf or tiger, is extinct

A

True

57
Q

True or False: the California condor is extinct

A

False, it is endangered

58
Q

True or False: the Saguaro Cactus is endangered

A

True

59
Q

True or False: Cheetahs are endangered

A

True

60
Q

What is associated with quick environmental changes

A

Some environmental changes occur very quickly with many associated with sudden events or natural disasters

61
Q

In the last 100 years, what has been happening to the temperature of surface of the Earth

A

In the last 100 years, the average surface temperature of the Earth has risen by about one degree Fahrenheit and could increase by another one to four degrees in the next 50 years due to global warming

62
Q

What’s a common cause of many environmental changes

A

Weather

63
Q

What influences the rate of decomposition

A

Temperature, amount and types of organisms, and humidity

64
Q

When did Mount St. Helens erupt

A

In 1980

65
Q

Succession Definition

A

A change in the makeup of an ecosystem as the organisms in the ecosystem respond to and change the environment

66
Q

Population Definition

A

A group of individuals of the same species that exist together at a given place and time

67
Q

Exponential Growth Definition

A

A growth pattern in which a population doubles at regular intervals

68
Q

How much offspring can a European rabbit produce

A

24

69
Q

What did Thomas Austin do in 1859

A

In 1859, a man named Thomas Austin wanted to hunt rabbits in Australia . Since there were no rabbits there he released 24 European rabbits. In 6 years, those rabbits had multiplied to 22 million and spread all over Australia eating all the plants they could find, leading to the endangerment and extinction of many plants and animals

70
Q

Carrying Capacity Definition

A

The maximum size of a population that a particular environment can support

71
Q

Overpopulation Definition

A

Population size that is beyond the carrying capacity, causing overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration

72
Q

How often does a single bacterium divide

A

Every hour

73
Q

What are deer hosts of

A

Deer are hosts of tiny parasites called deer ticks , that cause Lyme disease in humans

74
Q

Lyme Disease effects

A

Fever, headaches, exhaustion, symptoms similar to arthritis, and heart problems

75
Q

True or False: Framing is one example of a human activity that has changed the environment

A

True

76
Q

How do extra fertilizers in farming affect the environment

A

Extra fertilizers from farming go into runoff and enter nearby waterways, such as rivers and lakes. These fertilizers are a treat for algae, which grows to cover the water’s surface, but as the algae decays, they use oxygen from the water, leaving less oxygen for fish and other aquatic animals

77
Q

Eutrophication Definition

A

Enrichment of nutrients in an aquatic environment that causes excessive growth of aquatic plants, especially algae, which increases bacterial growth and consumption of oxygen, resulting in depletion of oxygen in the environment

78
Q

What are the effects of farming

A
  • It can destroy habitats of many species
  • It uses large amounts of fresh water
  • Causes soil erosion and desert formation
  • Introduces pollutants into the environment
79
Q

Wha is DDT

A

DDT is a farm-related pollutant and is a chemical that is very effective at killing insects

80
Q

Why did farmers like DDT

A

Farmers liked DDT since it was cheap, easy to spray, and kept insects away

81
Q

How does DDT negatively effect other wildlife

A

DDT is toxic to other wildlife and can block the absorption of calcium in many organisms

82
Q

When was DDT banned in the US

A

1972

83
Q

How does DDT affect birds

A

In the case of birds, DDT’s impaired calcium absorption can interfere with reproduction by preventing proper formation of egg shell, making the eggs very fragile

84
Q

What is the negative impact of smog

A

Smog, created by burning fossil fuels, damages plants and causes people to have respiratory problems

85
Q

What is the negative impact of acid rain

A

Acid rain - pollutants carried in precipitation - harms fish, trees, soil, microorganisms, and manmade objects

86
Q

What are the 2 main components of smog

A

Carbon Monoxide and Sulfur Dioxide

87
Q

What reacts with water to make acid rain

A

SO2 and NO react with water vapor in the air to create acid rain

88
Q

What are the effects of acid rain on water

A

It lowers its pH

89
Q

What is a wetland

A

A wetland is land that, at least some of the time, is covered by shallow waters or has waterlogged soils

90
Q

Why are Wetlands important

A
  • They are a rich habitat for many plant and animals species
  • They help prevent flooding
  • They filter excess nutrients, sediments, and even pollution from the water that flow through them
91
Q

Why have humans drained wetlands

A

Humans have drained wetlands to build roads, parking lots, buildings, and landfills

92
Q

What happens when rain is not soaked into the ground

A

When rain is not soaked into the ground of wetlands, it runs off directly into lakes and rivers carrying pollutants, organic materials, and excess nutrients

93
Q

Why is the air temperature in cities warmer than the temperature in the country

A

The air temperature in cities can be warmer than in the surrounding country sides since asphalt and concrete absorb heat from the sun and release it slower than plants overnight

94
Q

Why do people build dams

A

People build dams to control flooding, to improve water supply , and to produce electricity

95
Q

What happens to the land upstream from a dam

A

Land upstream of the dam becomes flooded as artificial lakes or reservoirs form. Because the water is no longer flowing quickly, sediment builds up in lakes, and the temperature of the water increases

96
Q

Why is there less sediment downstream from a dam

A

Since the sediment stays upstream

97
Q

How is water down stream from a dam

A

The water down stream is clearer, so sunlight can penetrate the water more easily and weed growth increases dramatically

98
Q

What does the lack of sediment downstream of a dam cause

A

Coastal erosion

99
Q

True or False: Without periodic flooding sediment - rich water, the fertility of the land downstream from the dam is reduced

A

True

Kevin Jimbi K12 Homeschool (37 decks)

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