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Farmakologia > Kardioprezentace > Flashcards

Kardioprezentace Flashcards

1
Q

Čo sú zač diuretika?

A

Osmoticky aktívne látky
Inhibitory specifických Ez
Blokátory symportu antiportu

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2
Q

Ktore diuretika maju najsilnejší diuretický efekt?

A

Kličková

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3
Q

MÚ kličkových diuretik?

A

Blok Na+/K+/2Cl- transportu v Henleyovej kličke

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4
Q

Stratu akých iontov sposobuju kličkova diuretika??

A

Na+ Cl- Mg2+ K+ Ca2+ (ten vapnik je super lebo tym vyresime hyperkalcemiu)

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5
Q

Ako je ovlivnena exkrece kys močove pri klickovych diuretikach?

A

Snizena exkrece kys.mocove

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6
Q

Sposob podania klickovych diuretik??

A

P.o. / i.v. u akutnich

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7
Q

NÚ kličkových diuretik

A

riziko metab. acidozy
hypotenze
hypoNa/K/Ca

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8
Q

Indikace Klickovych diuretik?

A 
Chron.srd.selhani
Hypertenze
Otravy latek exkretovanych moci
Hyperkalemie
Hyperkalcemie
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9
Q

Kam patri furosemid?

A

Klickove diuretikum

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10
Q

Aky efekt maju Thiazidova diuretika oproti klickovym?

A

Slabsi diureticky efekt

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11
Q

Indikace Thiazidu

A

Hypertenze

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12
Q

Vykazuju thiazidova diuretika vazodilatacny efekt?

A

Ano

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13
Q

Akú majú thiazidy výhodu u starších pacientov??

A

Znižujú exkréciu Ca

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14
Q

Nú thiazidov

A

HypoK/Na
Alkalóza
Porucha glukozove tolerance
Hyperurikemie (veľa kys.mocovej-KI DNA!)

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15
Q

Ktore diuretika su kontraindikovane u onemicneni DNA?

A

Thiazidy , sposobuju hyperurikemiu a pri DNA je jej v tele až moc

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16
Q

Traja zastupci thiazidov

A

Hydrochlorothiazid
Inadapamid
Chlorthalidon

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17
Q

MÚ draslík šetriaceho Spironilaktonu a Eplerenonu

A

Antagonisti aldosteronu

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18
Q

MÚ draslik šetriaceho Amiloridu

A

Inhibitor Na+/K+ antiportu

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19
Q

Indikace K+ šetriacich diuretik?

A

Srd.selhani
Primarny hyperaldosteronizmus
Hypertenze

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20
Q

NÚ draslik šetriacich diur

A

Hyperkalemie
Gynekomastie
Poruchy men.cyklu

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21
Q

Ktore dve diuretika nie su vyuzivane na hypertenziu?

A

Inhibitory karboanhydrazy

Osmoticka diuretika

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22
Q

Ktore diuretika sposobuju metab. Acidozu?

A

V testu - klickove a thiazidy

ale mezi nami devcaty aj Inhibitory karboanhydrazy

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23
Q

Ktore diuretika su vyuzivane aj v terapii glaukomu a aklimatizace vo vyskach?

A

Inhibitory karboanhydrazy

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24
Q

Kam patri acetozalamid?

A

Inhibitor karboanhydrazy

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25
Q

U čoho je zvyšena exkrece bikarbonatu, Na+,K+ a vody?

A

Inhibitory karboanhydrazy

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26
Q

Kam patri mannitol?

A

Osmoticke diuretikum

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27
Q

Na co su indikovane osmoticke diuretika (mannitol)?

A

Intoxikace

Srd.selhani

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28
Q

Aplikace mannitolu (osmot.diur)

A

I.v.

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29
Q

Ako funguju osmoticke diuretika?

A

Sposobia hyperosmolaritu filtratu a strhnu sebiu vodu (GF bez zpetne reabsorpce)

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30
Q

Čo sa používa pri edeme mozku a šoku na diurezu?

A

Mannitol - osmoticke diur

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31
Q

Čo patri medzi zakladne antihypertenziva (dve otazky v testu zneju takto)

A 
ACE inhibitory
blokátory receptorov angiotenzinu II
blokátory Ca2+ kanálov
Diuretika
Betablokátory
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32
Q

Co patri medzi doplnkove antihypertenziva?

A

Latky posobiace centralne
Alfablokatory
Latky s priamym vazodil posobenim
Inhibitory reninu

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33
Q

Čo spúšťa sekreci reninu?

A

Pokles TK (podrazdenie baroreceptorov,koncentracia Na+ v krvi,zvýšenie tonu sympatiku)

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34
Q

Čo je úlohou reninu?

A

Mení angiotenzinogen na angiotenzin I

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35
Q

Čo robí ACE?

A

Angiotenzin I -> Angiotenzin II

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36
Q

Čo spôsobuje angiotenzin II?

A

Zvýšenie TK

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37
Q

Akými mechanizmami zvyšujebangiotenzin II TK?

A

Vazokonstrikcii
Zvyšuje sekreci aldosteronu
Stimulace tonu sympatiku v CNS
Stimuluje hypertrofii a fibrozu v srdci

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38
Q

Antihypertenziva ovlivnujuce RAAS? (3)

A

iACE (-pril)
antagonisti AT1 rec (-sartany)
antagonisti reninu (-kireny)

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39
Q

Liečiva 1.volby v terapii hypertenze?

A

ACEi

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40
Q

2 mechanizmy účinku ACEi

A

Reverzibilna inhibicia ACE

Blok degradace bradykininu

41
Q

Co je bradykinin?

A

Ez sposobujuci vazodilataciu

42
Q

NÚ ACEi a sartanov

A

Hypotenze
Suchy drazdivy kasel (sartany nie!!)
Hyperkalemie

43
Q

Ktora skupina sposobuje suchy kasel?

44
Q

KI ACEi

A

Tehotenstvo

kojenie

45
Q

Indikace ACEi (3) a sartanov (rovnaké)

A

Hypertenze
Srd.selh
AIM

46
Q

Zastupci ACEi

A

Enalapril

a všetky -prily

47
Q

MÚ sartany

A

Kompetitivny antagonismus AT II na receptoroch AT1

48
Q

Zastupci sartanov?

A

Valsartan, losartan a -sartany

49
Q

Antagonisti reninu (kireny) MÚ

A

Vazba na aktivni misto reninu a inhibice jeho vazby na angiotenzinogen

50
Q

Preco je u starsich pacientov a Afroamericanov problematicke pouzitie inhibitoru reninu Kirenov?

A

Majú nizke hladiny reninu

51
Q

Použitie kirenv (iReninu)

A

Pouze hypertenze

52
Q

NÚ antagonistov reninu (kirenov)

A

Jako sartany (hypotenze a hyperkalemie) a navyse prujmy a artralgie

53
Q

MÚ blokatorov Ca2+ kanalov?

A

Blokuju Ltyp Ca2+ hl.svalov srdcava ciev

54
Q

Prípona dihyrdopyridinov

55
Q

Zastupci non-dihydropyridinov?

A

Diltiazem verapamil

56
Q

Ucinok Nondihydropyridinovych blokatorov Ca2+ kanalov?

A

Antiarytmika

57
Q

Indikacie blokatorov Ca2+ dihydropyridinov

A

Hypertenze ,ichs

58
Q

B-blokatory + blokátory Ca dihydrop?

A

Nie! Riziko bradykardie a hypotenze

59
Q

MÚ betablokátorov?

A

Antagonisti endogennych katecholaminov na B adrenergnych receptoroch

60
Q

Ktore zakladne antihypertenziva maju najviac NU?

A

B- blokatory

61
Q

Farmakologicke ucinky Bblok? 4

A

Spomalenie frekvencie
znizenie vydaja
Utlm sympatiku
inhibice reninu

62
Q

Ako je ovplyvneny ucinok Bblok na hypertenzi u starsich ludi?

A

Koreluje s poklesom cievnej rezistencie

63
Q

Ake tri kardioprotektivne ucinky maju Bblok?

A

Antiischemicky (mensi vydaj-mensia spotreba O2)
Antiarytmicky (elev fib pr)
Bradykardizujuci (predlz diast-lepsie prekrv koron)

64
Q

Po kolika dnech je dosiahnuta cielova hodnota TK terapiou Bblok?

65
Q

Indikace Bblok (7)

A 
Hypertenze
ICHS
Arytmie
Chron selhani
Glaukom
Tres
Anxieta
66
Q

KI betablok (6)

A 
Astma
Av blok
Bradykard
DM-relat
Deprese-relat
Poruchy erekce-relat
67
Q

NÚ betablokatorov? (10000)

A 
Bronchospazmus
Poruchy perif prekr
Bradyaryt a blokada
Rebound
Negat ovlivneni lip a gly metab
Insomnie(můry) sedace deprese únava
68
Q

Vymenuj sympatolytika s kombinovanymi ucinky

A

Labetalol

Karvedilol

69
Q

Ake ucinky maju sympatolytika s komb uc.

A

Blok alfa i beta
Antioxidanty
Ca2+ blok
Uvolnovanie noradrenalinu

70
Q

Labetalol MU

A

Alfa beta blok

Na Beta 2 inhibice NA reuptake

71
Q

Indikace labetalolu

A

Hypertenze tehotnych

Antina pectoris

72
Q

MU karvedilol 3

A

Alfa a beta blok
Ca blok
Antioxidant

73
Q

Indikace Karvedilolu

A

Hypertenze
Ichs
Srd.selh

74
Q

Neselektivni kompet antag bez VSA

A

Sotalol (antiarytm)

Timolol (antiglaukom)

75
Q

B1 kardioselektivni betablok bez vsa

A 
Betaxolol
Atenolol
Metorpolol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Esmolol
76
Q

Ktore dva Bblok sa pouzivaju aj ako antiglaukomatika?

A

Timolol

Karteolol

77
Q

MÚ centrálne pôsobiacich antihypertenziv

A

Agonisti imidazolinových receptorov

78
Q

Čo sú zač imidazolinové receptory?

A

Receptory v predlženej mieche
I1-CNS a ledviny
I2-modulace bolesti a neuoprotekce
I3-sekrece inzulinu

79
Q

Indikace centralne pos antihypertenziv?

A

Hypertenze v kombinaci s inými

80
Q

Čo spôsobia aktivácie Imidazolinových receptorov??

A

Znížia stimuláciu srdca,ciev a ledvin sympatikem

Znížia sekreci reninu a vazopresinu

81
Q

Kam patri moxonidin?

A

Latky posobiace centralne

82
Q

Kam patri rilmenidin

A

Latky posobiace centralne -hypertenz

83
Q

Kam patri urapidil

A

Latky posobiace centralne - hypertenz

84
Q

Kam patri metyldopa

A

Latky posobiace centralne - hypertenz

85
Q

Definice srdečneho selhani

A

Stav ked srdce neni schopme pokryt metab potrebu tkání

86
Q

Priciny akutneho selhani srdce

87
Q

Pricina chronickeho selhani srdce

A

Chronicka IChS a hypertenze

Hypertrofie a dilatace leve komory

88
Q

Terapie akutneho srd selhani (7)

A 
Furosemid
Betablok
ACEi
Nitraty
Opioidy
Katecholaminy
Levosimendan - posila kontraktility
89
Q

MÚ digoxinu

A

Inotropikum (blok Na/K atpázy) zvýši sa reflux Ca do B

Silnejsi stah, nizsia F

90
Q

Čím je potencovaná toxicita digoxinu?

A

Hypokalemii

91
Q

Aký má terapeutický index digoxin?

92
Q

NÚ digoxinu 4

A

Nevolnost
Zmatenost
Arytmie
Slabost

93
Q

Na čo sa používajú inhibitory PDE III?

A

Inotropika na srd selhani spolu s digixinom..

Zvyšuju influx Ca do B

94
Q

Kam patri milrinon?

A

Inotropikum,inhibitor PDEIII (fosfodiesterazy III)

95
Q

Terapia chronickeho srd.selhani? 5

A 
ACEi
Bblok
Diuretika
ASA
Inotropika
96
Q

Terapia AIM a nestabilnej AP (=akutni koronarny syndrom)

A 
Nitraty
ASA-prvni pomoc
Klipidogrel(antiagr)
Opioidy
Nemocnica-antikoag,fibrinolyt,zákrok
97
Q

Terapia chronickej ICHS

A 
Nitraty slgv.
Bblok
Ca blok
ASA
ACEi
Statiny
Trimetazidin
98
Q

Čo je trimetazidin? Na čo použivame?

A

Metab.modulator,znizuje spotrebu kyslika myokardom - na chronicku ICHS

Farmakologia (19 decks)

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