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Italy exam 67 PM Flashcards

1
Q

where are most of the vineyards in Piedmont and why

A

south of the Po’ River, cause the alluvial soils of the River plains are too fertile for good quality viticolture

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2
Q

soils in Piedmont

A

Thin, calcareous marl and sandstone soils with varying percentages of clay and sand

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3
Q

Piedmont climate

A

continental climate

Alps provide a “rain shadow” effect

autumn hail can be a worry in the Langhe hills

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4
Q

Sorí

A

cru with a southern exposure

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5
Q

Bricco

A

vineyard at the top of the slope/hill

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6
Q

Major red grapes in Piedmont

A

Nebbiolo / Barbera / Dolcetto + bonarda

Nebbiolo = named after the morning fog that prolongs the ripening process in the fall / thin skin / late-ripening / high tannins + acidity + Alcohol

Dolcetto = earliest to ripen / high tannins + low acidity / fruity / youthful consumption

Barbera = most planted grape in Piedmont / high acidity + low tannins

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7
Q

Lesser varietals in Piedmont

A

Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè, Croatina, Vespolina, and Freisa

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8
Q

most planted white varietal in Piedmont

A

Moscato bianco / mostly used for Asti production

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9
Q

Other white varietals

A

Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce and Favorita

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10
Q

How many DOC / DOCG in Piedmont

A

More DOC zones than any other region in Italy = 41 DOCs + 19 DOCGs

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11
Q

Most prestigious DOCG in Piedmont

A

Barolo & Barbaresco / encapsulated by the larger Langhe DOC

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12
Q

Communes of Barolo

A

11communes

Most famous: La morra / barolo / castiglione falletto / sarralunga d’alba / Monforte d’alba

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13
Q

Barbaresco communes

A

Barbaresco, Neive, and Treiso + Alba (one portion is allowed)

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14
Q

Best crus in Barolo

A
  • Rocche dell’Annunziata
  • Arborina
  • Brunate
  • Cerequio
  • Ravera
  • Cannubi
  • Ginestra
  • Bussia
  • Monprivato
  • Villero
  • Falletto (bruno giocosa monopole)
  • Francia (Giacomo Conterno monopole = Riserva Monfortino in great vintages / 1924 first vintage)
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15
Q

Best crus in Barbaresco

A
  • Paje’
  • Ovello
  • Montefico
  • Montestefano
  • Rabaja
  • Asili
  • Sori’ Tildin / Sori’ San Lorenzo = GAJA
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16
Q

Soils in Barolo

A
  • Tortonian soils = higher proportion of calcareous marl (La Morra and Barolo) = softer style of wine.
  • Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils (Monforte d’Alba, Serralunga d’Alba, and Castiglione Falletto) = more structure in the wine
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17
Q

Ageing requirements in Barolo

A

Barolo Normale = 38 months (18 in Oak)

Barolo riserva = 62 months (18 in Oak)

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18
Q

Aging requirements in Barbaresco

A

Barbaresco Normale = 26 months (9 in Oak)

Barbaresco Riserva = 50 months (9 in oak)

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19
Q

Traditionalist Barolo producers

A

Big casks , 30-50 days maceration: Giacomo Conterno, Bartolo Mascarello, Giuseppe Rinaldi

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20
Q

Modernist Barolo producers

A

“modernists” who embraced barriques, shorter macerations, and a rounder style of wine: Paolo Scavino, Luciano Sandrone, Elio Altare

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21
Q

Barbaresco producers:

A

Bruno Giacosa, Angelo Baja, Produttori del Barbaresco

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22
Q

Since when “Menzioni geografiche aggiuntive” of the DOCG can be added to the labels of Barolo and Barbaresco

A

2007 in Barbaresco

2010 in Barolo

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23
Q

Barolo Chinato DOCG

A

Quinine flavoured wine / Cappellano top producer

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24
Q

Roero DOCG

A

(Since 2004) / northwestern bank of the Tanaro River, opposite Barolo and Barbaresco / minimum 95% Nebbiolo + Arneis / sandy soils = lighter style of Nebbiolo than Barolo or Barbaresco

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25
Q

Gattinara DOCG / Ghemme DOCG

A

along the Sesia river / Red only / Nebbiolo know as Spanna / blended with Bonarda, Vespolina

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26
Q

Barbera DOCG’s:

A

Barbera d’AstiDOCG andBarbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG = Since 2008

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27
Q

Nizza DOCG

A

Since 2014 / Formerly Barbera d’Asti / 100% Barbera

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27
Q

Barbera aging requirements:

A

Ageing requirements: Barbera d’Asti = 4 months // Barbera del Monferrato = 14 months , 6 in Oak (must be superiore)

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27
Q

Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG

A

Since 2010 / Ruche’ grape

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28
Q

DOCG’s for Dolcetto

A
  • Dogliani (famous for Luigi Einaudi (former President of Italian Republic)
  • Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore(Ovada)
  • Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba(Diano d’Alba) = 100% Dolcetto / 10 moths minimum aging / 75 sorí are classified in Diano d’Alba
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29
Q

Gavi DOCG

A

First white DOCG in Piedmont

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30
Q

Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG

A

since 2010 / 100% Erbaluce

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31
Q

Asti/Moscato d’Asti DOCG

A

largest producer of DOCG wine in italy = around 65000hl

single fermentation = Charmat method , Martinotti

Moscato bianco = Muscat blanc a petit grains

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32
Q

Spumante

A

Sparkling (min 3.5 atmospheres)

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33
Q

Frizzante

A

slightly sparkling (between 1.0 and 2.5 atmospheres)

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34
Q

Alta Langa DOCG

A

Traditional method / Pinot Noir and Chardonnay / 30 months on lees / 3 years on lees Riserva /

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35
Q

Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG

A

Red sparkling / dry or sweet / still or sparkling / 100% Brachetto

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36
Q

Biggest wine producing region in Italy

A

Veneto

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37
Q

Valpolicella DOC

A

Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella + Molinara, Negrara and Oseleta, may not exceed a total 15% of the blend

38
Q

Valpolicella superiore

A

higher minimum alcohol + 1 year ageing minimum

39
Q

Valpolicella Classico

A

western end of the appellation near the shores of Lake Garda

40
Q

Famous Valpolicella producers

A

Romano DalForno , Allegrini, Quintarelli, Bertani

41
Q

Valpolicella sub-zones

A
  • Fumane
  • Negrar
  • Marano
  • Sant’Ambrogio
  • San Pietro in cariano
42
Q

Appassimento method

A

grapes dried in special lofts called “Fruittai” for over 3 months before fermentation / Both Recioto and Amarone

43
Q

Ageing requirements Amarone

A

Amarone: 2 years

Amarone Riserva = 4 years

44
Q

When Recioto and Amarone della Valpolicella got promoted to DOCG?

45
Q

Bardolino DOC

A

Corvina and Rondinella grapes

46
Q

Bardolino Superiore DOCG

A

1 year aging + 1% additional alcohol / Bardolino Chiaretto = rose’

47
Q

Soave DOC

A

most important white wine zone in Veneto

minimum 70% Garganega and a maximum of 30% Trebbiano di Soave and/or Chardonnay

Europe’s largest vineyard /

48
Q

Recioto di Soave DOCG

A

grapes dried from 4 to 6 months in the same delimited area as Soave Superiore

49
Q

Soave Superiore DOCG ageing requirements

A

min 6 months ageing

riservamin 1 year of aging.

50
Q

Recioto di GambellaraDOCG

A

Since 2008 / sweet still and sparkling wines / 100% dried Garganega grapes

51
Q

Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

A

Since 2009 / Best Cru = Cartizze

52
Q

Most famous wine in sicily

A

Marsala

Inzolia + Grillo + Catarratto

commercialised by Englishman John Woodhouse in 1773 who fortified it to ensure shipment to England

53
Q

Marsala DOC

A

Since 1969

top producers: Marco de Bartoli / Planeta

54
Q

Sicily’s white varieties

A

Catarratto, Inzolia, Grecanico, Carricante, Grillo, Zibibbo (Muscat of Alexandria) and Malvasia

55
Q

Sicily’s red grape varieties

A

Nero d’Avola (Calabrese), Frappato, Perricone, Nerello Mascalese and Nerello Cappuccio

56
Q

Sicily’s most planted red grape

A

Nero d’Avola

57
Q

Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG

A

Only DocG in Sicily / Nero d’Avola

58
Q

Sicily’s most planted grape

A

Catarratto

59
Q

Etna producers

A

Pietradolce / Girolamo Russo / IDDA / Arianna Occhipinti / Donnafugata

60
Q

Palmenti

A

Prior to the 20thcentury, stone fermentation buildings traditional of Sicily

61
Q

Typical vine trainin system in Sicily

A

Alberello = bush vine

62
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano sangiovese clone

A

Prugnolo Gentile

63
Q

Montalcino sangiovese clone

A

Sangiovese Grosso / Ferruccio Biondi Santi / 1865

64
Q

First DOCG’s in Italy

A

Brunello di Montalcino
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
Barolo

65
Q

Chianti DOCG

A

Established in 1932

DOCG since 1984

66
Q

Goria’s Law

A

1992 / introduced IGT designation

67
Q

Chianti Classico communes

A

Castellina in Chianti
Gaiole in Chianti
Greve in Chianti
Radda in Chianti

68
Q

How many DOCG’s in Tuscany

69
Q

Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG / Suvereto DOCG

A

DOCG since 2011

70
Q

Carmignano DOCG

A

min 50% / Overlaps Chianti Montalbano

71
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

A

70% sangiovese + Tuscan varieties

72
Q
  • Morellino di Scansano
A

min 85% Sangiovese

73
Q

Native tuscan grape varieties

A

Colorino / Canaiolo Nero

74
Q

Tuscany climate

A

Dry, Mediterranean climate, winters can be harsh and summers can be long and hot / wide variation in mesoclimates

75
Q

Chianti sub-zones

A
  • Classico
  • Rufina (Frescobaldi / Pomino DOC : Fattoria selvapiana, higher percentage of international grapes)
  • Montalbano
  • Montespertoli (since 1997)
  • Colli Senesi
  • Colli Aretini
  • Colline Pisane
  • Colli Fiorentini
76
Q

Chianti classico recipe

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli = Classic Chianti recipe

Since 1996: min 70% sangiovese + max 15% bordeaux grapes

77
Q

Governo (chianti)

A

refermentation with the juice of dried grapes, to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation

78
Q

Chianti ageing requirements

A
  • Chianti Normale = 1 year
  • Chianti Riserva = 2 years
  • Chianti Superiore= +0,5abv / lower yields
  • Chianti Classico Riserva = 2 years + 3 months bottle
  • Chianti Classico Gran Selezione = 30 months + 3 months in bottle
79
Q

Brunello di Montalcino ageing requirements

A

4 years total / 2 years oak / 4 months bottle

Riserva: 5 years total/ 2 years / 6 months bottle

80
Q

Chianti soils

A
  • Macingo / Piestraforte = sandstone-driven soils
  • Albarese / Galestro = Marl soil
81
Q

Montalcino sub-zones

A
  • Sant Angelo in Colle
  • Castelnuovo Abate
  • Torrenieri
82
Q

Tuscany sweet wines

A
  • Elba aleatico passito
  • Vin Santo del chianti
83
Q

only white DOCG in tuscany

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG

84
Q

Sassicaia blend

A

Cabernet sauvignon + cabernet franc

85
Q

Sassicaia 1st vintage

86
Q

Sassicaia missed vintages

A

‘69 / ‘73

87
Q

Tignanello 1st vintage

88
Q

Tignanello blend

A

85% Sangiovese + cab sav, Cab franc / Marchesi Antinori

89
Q

Solaia blend

A

Cab sav + cab franc + sangiovese / Marchesi Antinori

90
Q

Ornellaia blend

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc,+ a small plot of Petit Verdot

91
Q

Paleo Rosso from Le Macchiole blend

A

100% Cabernet Franc

92
Q

Masseto blend

A

100% Merlot

93
Q

Big 100% Sangiovese wines

A

Flaccianello by Fontodi
San Felice’s Vigorello
Montevertine’s Le Pergole Torte
Isole e Olena’s Cepparello

94
Q

First vintage of Soldera

95
Q

Chianti classico UGA

A

11

  • san Casciano
  • montefioralle
  • panzano
  • San Donato in poggio
  • castellina
  • vagliagli
  • greve
  • lamole
  • radda
  • Gaiole
  • Castelnuovo berardenga

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