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Italy exam 67 PM Flashcards

1
Q

where are most of the vineyards in Piedmont and why

A

south of the Po’ River, cause the alluvial soils of the River plains are too fertile for good quality viticolture

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2
Q

soils in Piedmont

A

Thin, calcareous marl and sandstone soils with varying percentages of clay and sand

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3
Q

Piedmont climate

A

continental climate

Alps provide a “rain shadow” effect

autumn hail can be a worry in the Langhe hills

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4
Q

Sorí

A

cru with a southern exposure

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5
Q

Bricco

A

vineyard at the top of the slope/hill

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6
Q

Major red grapes in Piedmont

A

Nebbiolo / Barbera / Dolcetto + bonarda

Nebbiolo = named after the morning fog that prolongs the ripening process in the fall / thin skin / late-ripening / high tannins + acidity + Alcohol

Dolcetto = earliest to ripen / high tannins + low acidity / fruity / youthful consumption

Barbera = most planted grape in Piedmont / high acidity + low tannins

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7
Q

Lesser varietals in Piedmont

A

Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè, Croatina, Vespolina, and Freisa

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8
Q

most planted white varietal in Piedmont

A

Moscato bianco / mostly used for Asti production

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9
Q

Other white varietals

A

Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce and Favorita

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10
Q

How many DOC / DOCG in Piedmont

A

More DOC zones than any other region in Italy = 41 DOCs + 19 DOCGs

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11
Q

Most prestigious DOCG in Piedmont

A

Barolo & Barbaresco / encapsulated by the larger Langhe DOC

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12
Q

Communes of Barolo

A

11communes

Most famous: La morra / barolo / castiglione falletto / sarralunga d’alba / Monforte d’alba

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13
Q

Barbaresco communes

A

Barbaresco, Neive, and Treiso + Alba (one portion is allowed)

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14
Q

Best crus in Barolo

A
  • Rocche dell’Annunziata
  • Arborina
  • Brunate
  • Cerequio
  • Ravera
  • Cannubi
  • Ginestra
  • Bussia
  • Monprivato
  • Villero
  • Falletto (bruno giocosa monopole)
  • Francia (Giacomo Conterno monopole = Riserva Monfortino in great vintages / 1924 first vintage)
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15
Q

Best crus in Barbaresco

A
  • Paje’
  • Ovello
  • Montefico
  • Montestefano
  • Rabaja
  • Asili
  • Sori’ Tildin / Sori’ San Lorenzo = GAJA
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16
Q

Soils in Barolo

A
  • Tortonian soils = higher proportion of calcareous marl (La Morra and Barolo) = softer style of wine.
  • Serravallian (Helvetian) sandstone soils (Monforte d’Alba, Serralunga d’Alba, and Castiglione Falletto) = more structure in the wine
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17
Q

Ageing requirements in Barolo

A

Barolo Normale = 38 months (18 in Oak)

Barolo riserva = 62 months (18 in Oak)

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18
Q

Aging requirements in Barbaresco

A

Barbaresco Normale = 26 months (9 in Oak)

Barbaresco Riserva = 50 months (9 in oak)

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19
Q

Traditionalist Barolo producers

A

Big casks , 30-50 days maceration: Giacomo Conterno, Bartolo Mascarello, Giuseppe Rinaldi

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20
Q

Modernist Barolo producers

A

“modernists” who embraced barriques, shorter macerations, and a rounder style of wine: Paolo Scavino, Luciano Sandrone, Elio Altare

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21
Q

Barbaresco producers:

A

Bruno Giacosa, Angelo Baja, Produttori del Barbaresco

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22
Q

Since when “Menzioni geografiche aggiuntive” of the DOCG can be added to the labels of Barolo and Barbaresco

A

2007 in Barbaresco

2010 in Barolo

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23
Q

Barolo Chinato DOCG

A

Quinine flavoured wine / Cappellano top producer

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24
Q

Roero DOCG

A

(Since 2004) / northwestern bank of the Tanaro River, opposite Barolo and Barbaresco / minimum 95% Nebbiolo + Arneis / sandy soils = lighter style of Nebbiolo than Barolo or Barbaresco

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25
Gattinara DOCG / Ghemme DOCG
along the Sesia river / Red only / Nebbiolo know as Spanna / blended with Bonarda, Vespolina
26
Barbera DOCG's:
Barbera d’Asti DOCG and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG = Since 2008
27
Nizza DOCG
Since 2014 / Formerly Barbera d’Asti / 100% Barbera
27
Barbera aging requirements:
Ageing requirements: Barbera d’Asti = 4 months // Barbera del Monferrato = 14 months , 6 in Oak (must be superiore)
27
Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG
Since 2010 / Ruche’ grape
28
DOCG's for Dolcetto
- Dogliani (famous for Luigi Einaudi (former President of Italian Republic) - Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore (Ovada) - Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba (Diano d'Alba) = 100% Dolcetto / 10 moths minimum aging / 75 sorí are classified in Diano d’Alba
29
Gavi DOCG
First white DOCG in Piedmont
30
 Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG
since 2010 / 100% Erbaluce
31
 Asti/Moscato d’Asti DOCG
largest producer of DOCG wine in italy = around 65000hl single fermentation = Charmat method , Martinotti Moscato bianco = Muscat blanc a petit grains
32
Spumante
Sparkling (min 3.5 atmospheres)
33
Frizzante
slightly sparkling (between 1.0 and 2.5 atmospheres)
34
 Alta Langa DOCG
Traditional method / Pinot Noir and Chardonnay / 30 months on lees / 3 years on lees Riserva /
35
 Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG
Red sparkling / dry or sweet / still or sparkling / 100% Brachetto
36
Biggest wine producing region in Italy
Veneto
37
 Valpolicella DOC
Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella + Molinara, Negrara and Oseleta, may not exceed a total 15% of the blend
38
Valpolicella superiore
higher minimum alcohol + 1 year ageing minimum
39
Valpolicella Classico
western end of the appellation near the shores of Lake Garda
40
Famous Valpolicella producers
Romano DalForno , Allegrini, Quintarelli, Bertani
41
Valpolicella sub-zones
- Fumane - Negrar - Marano - Sant’Ambrogio - San Pietro in cariano
42
Appassimento method
grapes dried in special lofts called “Fruittai” for over 3 months before fermentation / Both Recioto and Amarone
43
Ageing requirements Amarone
Amarone: 2 years Amarone Riserva = 4 years
44
When Recioto and Amarone della Valpolicella got promoted to DOCG?
2010
45
 Bardolino DOC
Corvina and Rondinella grapes
46
 Bardolino Superiore DOCG
1 year aging + 1% additional alcohol / Bardolino Chiaretto = rose’
47
Soave DOC
most important white wine zone in Veneto minimum 70% Garganega and a maximum of 30% Trebbiano di Soave and/or Chardonnay Europe’s largest vineyard /
48
Recioto di Soave DOCG
grapes dried from 4 to 6 months in the same delimited area as Soave Superiore
49
 Soave Superiore DOCG ageing requirements
min 6 months ageing riserva min 1 year of aging.
50
 Recioto di Gambellara DOCG
Since 2008 / sweet still and sparkling wines / 100% dried Garganega grapes
51
 Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG
Since 2009 / Best Cru = Cartizze
52
Most famous wine in sicily
Marsala Inzolia + Grillo + Catarratto commercialised by Englishman John Woodhouse in 1773 who fortified it to ensure shipment to England
53
Marsala DOC
Since 1969 top producers: Marco de Bartoli / Planeta
54
Sicily's white varieties
Catarratto, Inzolia, Grecanico, Carricante, Grillo, Zibibbo (Muscat of Alexandria) and Malvasia
55
Sicily's red grape varieties
Nero d’Avola (Calabrese), Frappato, Perricone, Nerello Mascalese and Nerello Cappuccio
56
Sicily's most planted red grape
Nero d'Avola
57
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
Only DocG in Sicily / Nero d’Avola
58
Sicily's most planted grape
Catarratto
59
Etna producers
Pietradolce / Girolamo Russo / IDDA / Arianna Occhipinti / Donnafugata
60
Palmenti
Prior to the 20th century, stone fermentation buildings traditional of Sicily
61
Typical vine trainin system in Sicily
Alberello = bush vine
62
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano sangiovese clone
Prugnolo Gentile
63
Montalcino sangiovese clone
Sangiovese Grosso / Ferruccio Biondi Santi / 1865
64
First DOCG's in Italy
Brunello di Montalcino Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Barolo
65
Chianti DOCG
Established in 1932 DOCG since 1984
66
Goria's Law
1992 / introduced IGT designation
67
Chianti Classico communes
Castellina in Chianti Gaiole in Chianti Greve in Chianti Radda in Chianti
68
How many DOCG's in Tuscany
11
69
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG / Suvereto DOCG
DOCG since 2011
70
Carmignano DOCG
min 50% / Overlaps Chianti Montalbano
71
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
70% sangiovese + Tuscan varieties
72
- Morellino di Scansano
min 85% Sangiovese
73
Native tuscan grape varieties
Colorino / Canaiolo Nero
74
Tuscany climate
Dry, Mediterranean climate, winters can be harsh and summers can be long and hot / wide variation in mesoclimates
75
Chianti sub-zones
- Classico - Rufina (Frescobaldi / Pomino DOC : Fattoria selvapiana, higher percentage of international grapes) - Montalbano - Montespertoli (since 1997) - Colli Senesi - Colli Aretini - Colline Pisane - Colli Fiorentini
76
Chianti classico recipe
Baron Bettino Ricasoli = Classic Chianti recipe Since 1996: min 70% sangiovese + max 15% bordeaux grapes
77
Governo (chianti)
refermentation with the juice of dried grapes, to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation
78
Chianti ageing requirements
- Chianti Normale = 1 year - Chianti Riserva = 2 years - Chianti Superiore= +0,5abv / lower yields - Chianti Classico Riserva = 2 years + 3 months bottle - Chianti Classico Gran Selezione = 30 months + 3 months in bottle
79
Brunello di Montalcino ageing requirements
4 years total / 2 years oak / 4 months bottle Riserva: 5 years total/ 2 years / 6 months bottle
80
Chianti soils
- Macingo / Piestraforte = sandstone-driven soils - Albarese / Galestro = Marl soil
81
Montalcino sub-zones
- Sant Angelo in Colle - Castelnuovo Abate - Torrenieri
82
Tuscany sweet wines
- Elba aleatico passito - Vin Santo del chianti
83
only white DOCG in tuscany
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
84
Sassicaia blend
Cabernet sauvignon + cabernet franc
85
Sassicaia 1st vintage
1968
86
Sassicaia missed vintages
'69 / '73
87
Tignanello 1st vintage
1971
88
Tignanello blend
85% Sangiovese + cab sav, Cab franc / Marchesi Antinori
89
Solaia blend
Cab sav + cab franc + sangiovese / Marchesi Antinori
90
Ornellaia blend
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc,+ a small plot of Petit Verdot 
91
Paleo Rosso from Le Macchiole blend
100% Cabernet Franc
92
Masseto blend
100% Merlot
93
Big 100% Sangiovese wines
Flaccianello by Fontodi San Felice's Vigorello Montevertine’s Le Pergole Torte Isole e Olena’s Cepparello
94
First vintage of Soldera
1975
95
Chianti classico UGA
11 - san Casciano - montefioralle - panzano - San Donato in poggio - castellina - vagliagli - greve - lamole - radda - Gaiole - Castelnuovo berardenga

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