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Italy Flashcards

1
Q

When was the DOC system introduced ?

When the first DOCG awarded?

A

1963

1st DOCG: 1980

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2
Q

1992 Goria’s law

A

Introduced the IGT category = more relaxed regulation , offering producers wider freedom

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3
Q

The Italian system is based on what model?

A

French AOC system

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4
Q

Where are most of the vineyards in Piedmont?

A

In the foothills south of the Po River, in the province of Asti, Alessandria and Cuneo (Monferrato and Langhe Hills)

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5
Q

Piedmont climate

A

Continental

Alps rain shadow

Autumn hail

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6
Q

Main varieties in Piedmont

A

Nebbiolo : thin skin, high acidity, high alcohol, high tannins

Dolcetto: earliest to ripen, tannic, fruity, lower acidity than Nebbiolo, youthful consumption

Barbera: most planted red grape, high acidity, low tannins

Moscato Bianco: muscat blanc a petit grain , most planted white grape

+ Arneis, Cortese

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7
Q

How many Doc/DOCG in Piedmont?

A

19 DOCG / 41 DOC

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8
Q

Langhe Doc

A

Large area that comprise Barolo and Barbaresco

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9
Q

How many communes in Barolo?

List the most important

A

11 communes

La morra
Barolo
Serralunga d’alba
Monforte d’alba
Castiglione Falletto

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10
Q

Types of soil in Barolo DOCG

A

Tortonian soils: higher proportion of calcareous Marl
(La morra, Barolo = softer style, ruby coloured, faster maturing)

Serravallian Sandstone(Helvetian): red sandstone and quartziferous sand
(Monforte d’alba, Serralunga d’alba, Castiglione Falletto = more structured, garnet colour, higher tannin, slower maturing)

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11
Q

Barolo DOCG aging requirements

A

Barolo normale: 38 months / 18 in oak

Barolo riserva: 62 months

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12
Q

Traditionalist Barolo producers

A

Giacomo Conterno
Bartolo Mascarello
Giuseppe Rinaldi

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13
Q

Modernist Barolo producers

A

Paolo Scavino
Elio Altare
Luciano Sandrone

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14
Q

Meaning of “Bricco/Bric” in Piedmont

A

Vineyard on top of a hill

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15
Q

Meaning of “Sori” in Piedmont

A

South facing slope

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16
Q

Barbaresco DOCG main communes

A

Neive
Treiso
Barbaresco

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17
Q

Style of Barbaresco vs Barolo

A

Lighter in body and more elegant

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18
Q

Barbaresco aging requirements

A

Barbaresco normale: 26 months / 9 in oak

Barbaresco riserva: 50 months

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19
Q

Top barbaresco producers

A

Bruno Giacosa, Angelo Gaja, produttori del Barbaresco

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20
Q

Barolo Chinato

A

Fortified aromatic Barolo = digestif
Min 16.5% abv
Quinine + rhubarb + gentian root + cardamom + sugar
12 months cask aging

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21
Q

Roero DOCG

A

North West Bank of the Tanaro River / opposite Barolo and Barbaresco
95% Nebbiolo + Arneis
Sandi soils / lighter styles of Barolo and barbaresco

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22
Q

Gattinara DOCG / Ghemme DOCG

A

Hills north of the Po river
99% Nebbiolo + vespolina , Bonarda
Lighter / higher acidity

Nebbiolo = SPANNA

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23
Q

Barbera DOCG

A

Barbera d’asti: 4 months aging (normale)

Barbera d’alba

Barbera del Monferrato : 14 months aging / 6 in oak (must be Superiore)

Dry / high acidity / low tannin / sometimes off dry

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24
Q

Appellations for Dolcetto

A

Dolcetto di Ovadia superiore DOCG
Dogliani docg
Diano d’alba docg

Easy drinking light red
12 months aging / 6 in wood

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25
Q

Gavi / cortese di gavi DOCG

A

Cortese grape
Still / frizzante / spumante

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26
Q

Asti DOCG / Moscato d’asti DOCG

A

Largest producer in Italy / 650000 hl per year

Muscat blanc / charmat method (Martinotti) / 1 single fermentation/ no lees character / only primary fruit flavours

Frizzante / 4.5 -6.5% abv / slightly sweet

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27
Q

Alta Langa DOCG

A

Pinot Noir / Chardonnay
Traditional method
30 months on lees
36 months (riserva)

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28
Q

Bracchetto d’acqui DOCG

A

Light / alcoholic / sweet / effervescent / red dessert wine
2nd fermentation in bottle or tank for 1 month
Min 6% abv // 11% for passito

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29
Q

Franciacorta DOCG

A

DOCG since 1995 / production dates back to 1570

First modern Italian sparkling : Berlucchi 1960

Chardonnay + Pinot noir + max 50% Pinot blanc

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30
Q

Franciacorta styles and aging

A

Non vintage : 18 months on lees

Riserva : min 5 years on lees

Saten: blanc de blanc / lower pressure

Rose : min 35% Pinot noir / blending rather than saignee method

Millesimato: vintage / not released until after the 37th month / 85% of the grapes must be from stated vintage

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31
Q

Oltrepo’ Pavese metodo classico DOCG

A

Extreme southwest of Lombardy

White and rose : Pinot noir , Pinot Gris , Pinot blanc , Chardonnay

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32
Q

Valtellina superiore

A

North of Franciacorta

Red wine region of Lombardy

Nebbiolo grape ( Chiavennasca)

24 months aging / 12 in oak

Riserva = 3 years

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33
Q

Moscato di Scanzo DOCG

A

Surround Bergamo / west of Franciacorta

Sweet passito red wine

Min 2 years aging

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34
Q

Romagna albana DOCG

A

Italys first white wine DOCG

Albana grape / all styles / passito most famous

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35
Q

Colli bolognesi pignoletto DOCG

A

Since 2011

Grechetto grape

Tart, dry white wine

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36
Q

Trentino Alto Adige grape varieties

A

Chardonnay / Pinot bianco / Pinot Grigio / muller thurgau / Sauvignon blanc

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37
Q

What’s the largest producing region in Italy?

A

Veneto

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38
Q

Bardolino Doc

A

Light / fruity / light red , Rose
Corvina , corvinone, rondinella, Molinara

Superiore / superiore classico = 12 months aging ( must come from Classico region)

39
Q

Conegliano baldobbiadene prosecco superiore DOCG

A

Min 85% Glera grapes from 15 communes

Conegliano valdobbiadene = south facing slopes

Min 11% abv / dry , off dry

40
Q

Cartizze DOCG

A

Sub-region of Valdobbiadene

5 communes / 107ha

Best example of charmat method

41
Q

Soave doc

A

Soave doc = Europe’s largest vineyard

Dry white wine

70% Garganega + Trebbiano di soave (verdicchio)

Min 10.5%

42
Q

Soave superiore DOCG

A

70% graganega + max 30% Pinot blanc , Chardonnay , trebbiano

Aging min 6 months

Riserva = min 1 year aging

Min 12%

43
Q

Recioto di Soave

A

Grapes dried for 4-6 months

Barrel fermentation

Noble rot encouraged

44
Q

Valpolicella

A

Corvina + rondinella (+ max 15% molinara, oseleta, negrara)

Superiore = rounder / higher min alcohol / min 1 year aging
Classico = western end of the appellation , near lake Garda , hills

45
Q

Amarone della valpolicella DOCG

A

From the delimited Classico region
40% must of the potential harvest
Corvina + corvinone + rondinella
Dried grapes for 3 months
2 years aging / 4 years for riserva
Min 14%

46
Q

Recioto fell valpolicella DOCG

A

Dried grapes between 3 weeks and 3 months
Wine matured in slavonian oak for a min of 2 years

47
Q

Ripasso (valpolicella)

A

Adding Valpolicella to the lees/skins left from Recioto or amarone allowing a 2nd fermentation

Adds strength and flavour / increase alcohol (min 12.5% abv)

48
Q

Friuli Venezia Giulia DOCG’s

A

Colli orientali del Friuli picolit DOCG:
Schioppettino / piccolit

Ramandolo DOCG
Sweet wines = 100% passito
Verduzzo friulano grapes

49
Q

Tuscany climate

A

Dry Mediterranean / harsh winters / hot long summers

Variety of mesoclimates and soils

50
Q

Chianti DOCG

A

Established in 1932
DOCG Since 1984
Recipe for chianti doc (1996) = min 70% Sangiovese

51
Q

Sub zones of chianti DOCG

A

Classico
Rufina
Montalbano
Montespertoli
Colline pisane
Colli aretini
Colli fiorentini
Colli senesi

52
Q

Chianti DOCG aging

A

Normale = 1 year
Riserva = 2 years
Superiore = +0.5% abv / lower yealds

53
Q

Chianti classico DOCG

A

Delimited area inside chianti DOCG
Min 80% sangiovese
Sandstone + marl predominant soils
12% abv min alcohol

Riserva = min 24 months aging + 3 months in bottle / 12.5% abv

Gran selezione = min 30 months aging + 3 in bottle / 13% abv

Radda
Castellina
Gaiole
Greve

54
Q

Brunello di montalcino docg

A

100% brunello = sangiovese clone
4 years aging total / 2 in wood / 4 months in bottle / not released until 5 years after harvest

Riserva = 5 years aging / 2 in wood / 6 months in bottle / not released until 6 years after harvest

55
Q

Vino nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

A

One fo the first DOCG, 1980 (with brunello di Montalcino)

70% sangiovese + Tuscan varieties
Min 2 years aging / at least 1 year in wood

Less firm than chianti, less tannic than brunello / softer

Riserva: min 3 years aging

56
Q

Morellino di scansano DOCG

A

South west of Tuscany
Min 85% Sangiovese
Riserva : 2 years aging

57
Q

Carmignano docg

A

Tuscany
min 50% sangiovese / low altitude / overlap with Chianti Montalbano / 20 month aging / 8 months barrel

58
Q

Vernaccia di san Gimignano

A

Tuscany
white wine / Vernaccia grape / 3 months bottle aging

59
Q

Bolgheri doc

A

allows Bordeaux blends
1968 1st vintage Sassicaia
1971 1st vintage Tignanello (Antinori)

60
Q

Landlocked region in the center of Italy

61
Q

Sagrantino di Montefalco Docg

A

Umbria / 100% sagrantino
high alcohol / high tannins

62
Q

Torgiano rosso riserva docg

A

Umbria
70-100% sangiovese

63
Q

Castelli di jesi verdicchio riserva docg

A

Marche
min 85% verdicchio + trebbiano

64
Q

Conero riserva docg

A

Marche
85% montepulciano + sangiovese

65
Q

Vernaccia di Serrapatrona docg

A

Marche
dry, semi-sweet, sweet red sparkling
85% Vernaccia Nera grapes (40%passito grapes)

66
Q

Offida Docg

A

Marche
Red = montepulciano
White = pecorino / passerina

67
Q

Verdicchio di Matelica Docg

A

Marche
Verdicchio

68
Q

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Docg

A

Abruzzo
Montepulciano grape
Since 2003

69
Q

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC

A

Abruzzo
trebbiano d’Abruzzo = Bombino

70
Q

Castelli Romani DOC

A

Lazio
larger white wine appellation
trebbiano + Malvasia

71
Q

Frascati superiore Docg

A

Lazio
Malvasia

72
Q

Cannellino di Frascati Docg

A

Lazio
Malvasia + local grapes

73
Q

Cesanese del Piglio DOCG

A

Lazio
Cesanese di Affile grapes

74
Q

Taurasi Docg

75
Q

Aglianico del taburno Docg

A

Aglianico (red / rose’)

76
Q

Fiano di Avellino Docg

77
Q

Greco di Tufo Docg

78
Q

Falanghina del Sannio Docg

A

Falanghina

79
Q

Castel del monte rosso riserva Docg / Castel del monte nero riserva docg

A

Nero di Troia

80
Q

Castel del monte Bombino riserva docg

81
Q

most cultivated grape variety in Puglia

A

Negroamaro

82
Q

Salice Salentino Doc

A

Negroamaro

83
Q

Primitivo di Manduria Doc

84
Q

Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale Docg

A

sweet wine from primitivo grapes

85
Q

Aglianico del Volture docg

A

Basilicata / Aglianico grape

86
Q

most widely planted grape in Sicily

A

Catarratto / used for Marsala

87
Q

Etna doc

A

Nerello Mascalese / Nerello Cappuccio / Carricante / Frappato

88
Q

Cerasuolo di Vittoria Docg

A

Nero d’Avola (similar to Syrah)

89
Q

Other grape varieties in Sicily

A

Grecanico / Zibibbo / Grillo / Inzolia

90
Q

Vermentino di Gallura Docg

A

Sardegna
Vermentino

91
Q

Cannonau di Sardegna Doc

A

Cannonau = Grenache

92
Q

Synonims for Nebbiolo

A

Valle d’Aosta = Picotendro
Valtellina = Chiavennasca
Ghemme/Gattinara = Spanna

93
Q

Barrique for Vin Santo

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