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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

How many AOP’s in Bordeaux?

A

39

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2
Q

Negociants

A

Intermediary / buys fruit or wine in barrels to age in their cellar before bottling and selling

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3
Q

Courtiers

A

Brokers of wine / provides the châteaux with financial backing

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4
Q

En Primeur

A

Yearly offering of Bordeaux wine as futures

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5
Q

Climate of Bordeaux

A

Maritime climate
Atlantic + Gironde estuary as moderating influence (protection from frost and winter freezes)
Short winters / damp springtime (fungal diseases) / summers can be hot
More continental towards the Right bank
Springtime cold/wet weather can lead to Millerandage and Coulure

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6
Q

Assemblage

A

Blend of different grape varieties to reach a particular balanced style

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7
Q

Red grape varieties allowed in Bordeaux

A

Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere

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8
Q

Alias of Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux

A

Bouschet

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9
Q

Alias of Malbec in Bordeaux

A

Pressac

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10
Q

Most planted grape variety overall in Bordeaux

A

Merlot

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11
Q

Earliest grape variety to ripen

A

Merlot

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12
Q

Merlot

A

Prefer clay-based soils
Contributes a fleshy, juicy texture that can soften the austerity of Cab Sauvignon
Buds late / spring frost is an issue
Earliest to ripen

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13
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon

A

Performs well in well-drained gravelly soils (allows vine’s roots to dig deeply while a slight water stress adds concentration to the fruit)
Highly tannic / deep colour / adds power, structure and longevity to the blend
Ripens late ( rain at harvest is an issue)

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14
Q

Cabernet Franc

A

Excels I’m Limestone-based soils which promote acidity and freshness
More tannic than Merlot / less muscular than Cab Sauvignon
Adds herbal spice and fruit aromas

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15
Q

Petit Verdot

A

Last grape to ripen
Adds colour , depth, exotic perfume

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16
Q

Bordeaux white grape varieties

A

Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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17
Q

Other minor white grape varieties in Bordeaux

A

Ugni Blanc , Merlot blanc, Colombard, Sauvignon Gris

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18
Q

Bordeaux barrel

A

Barrique / 225L oak barrel

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19
Q

Aging in Bordeaux

A

Red wines = usually up to 2 years
White wines = 1 year to 16 months

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20
Q

Bordeaux Superior AOP

A

Red and off-dry wines with higher minimum alcohol content

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21
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux

A

Traditional method sparkling

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22
Q

Jalles

A

Drainage channels dug by the Dutch in the 1600’s to drain the swamps

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23
Q

True or false: AOP wines must be red in Medoc

A

True

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24
Q

Medoc AOP

A

50 miles stretch north of the city of Bordeaux

Bas-Medoc = north of St. Estephe / châteaux that don’t qualify for a more precise appellation

Haut-Medoc = narrow corridor in the southern Medoc / best vineyards on gravelly soils / perfect for Cab Sauvignon

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25
Croupes
Gravel mounds unearthed by the Dutch during the drainage work in the 1600’s (best chateaux are located on top of these deeper banks of gravel)
26
Communes of Haut-Medoc
St Estephe Pauillac St Julien Margaux Listrac-Medoc Moulis-en-Medoc
27
1855 classification of Bordeaux
Commissioned by Napoleon III / ranked the top properties of Bordeaux by price into 1st to 5th growth / 57 chateaux / 21 Sauternes
28
Difference between Bordeaux Chateaux and Burgundy Domaines:
In Bordeaux the properties/name of the estate hold status rather than the land like in Burgundy
29
Cru Artisan
Designation been in use for 150 years Formally recognised in 2002 Beginning in 2005 / 44 properties “ exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking” 2018 = number decreased to 36 Reviewed every 5 years
30
Cru Borgeois
Introduced in 1932 444 properties divided in : - cru bourgeois exeptionel - cru bourgeois superior - cru borgeois Not official until 2003 Only 247 chateaux retained the status Legal action = nullification of entire classification Reinstated in 2008 (except superior and exceptionnel) 2018 = new legislation reinstated previous eliminated terms 2020 = 249 chateaux (14 exeptionnel / 56 superior / 179 borgeois) Reviewed every 5 years m
31
St Estephe
Sturdy , full body reds Higher % of clay amongst gravel = higher % of Merlot
32
Pauillac
Gravel topsoil at its deepest point Structured and long-lived Cab Sav
33
St Julien
Elegant style Less production but 80% is cru’ classe’
34
Margaux
Greater soil diversity Feminine wines, emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse Largest communal appellation 5 communes : Soussan Margaux Cantenac Labarde Arsac
35
Graves
Classified in 1953 (+6 wines in 1959) Similar soil to Medoc (more sand in the south) Red + white wines (2/3 is red)
36
Pessac-Leognan was created in:
1987
37
Graves Superior AOP
AOP for sweet white wine 3 smaller sweet wine appellations: Barsac Cerons Sauternes
38
Botrytis Cinirea
Noble Rot / Porriture Noble
39
Sauternes
Lies at the conflux of the Garonne River and the Ciron River. Cool morning mist blow off the Ciron river and encounter the warmer waters of the Garonne producing autumn afternoon humidity, perfect for incubating spores
40
Sauternes great first growth / grand premier cru
Chateau d’Yquem Not produced in poor years (92’ , 74’) 45g/L minimum residual sugar
41
Chateau Gillette’s iconic wine
Creme de Tete Released after 10 years aging in concrete vats
42
Right bank
Dominated by Merlot and Cab Franc Cab Sav rarely a major component (exception: Chateau Figeac in St Emilion)
43
St Emilion soils
2 types: - Cotes = steep limestone slopes - Graves = gravelly limestone plateau
44
St Emilion soils
2 types: - Cotes = steep limestone slopes - Graves = gravelly limestone plateau
45
St Emilion Classification
Excluded from 1855 classification Classified in 1954, published in 1955 Revision every 10 years 2006 = a group of demoted chateau challenged the revision 2009 = compromised reached that allowed demoted chateau to retain new status 2012 = new revision from INAO 2022 = some estates withdrawed (Angelus, Ausone, Cheval Blanc)
46
St Emilion Grand Cru
Appellation north-east of St Emilion +0.5% abv min alcohol Longer elevage
47
Pomerol soils
Sand + clay + gravel + subsoil of iron pan + rich clay (crasse de fer)
48
Famous Pomerol Chateaux
Petrus View-chateau-certan Lefleur Le-Pin Trotanoy La conseillant
49
Garagiste
Small chateaux making powerfully ripe and polished modern wines from just a handful of acres
50
St Emilion satellite appellations:
Lussac St. George Montagne Puisseguin
51
Bourg / Cotes de Bourg
Oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux Vast majority is red wine Chateau Roc de Cambes = leading appellation
52
Blaye / Cotes de Blaye
North of Bourg / red wines / white wines (ugni blanc, colombard)
53
Cotes de Bordeaux
Group of pre existing appellation Alternative to luxury-priced grand vin de Bordeaux: Blaye Francs Castillon Cadillac (sweet wine) Sante Foy
54
Entre-deux-mers
“Land between two seas” Between Garonne and Dordoigne rivers Only dry white wines May use the GI : Haut-Benauge
55
Entre-deux-mers sweet wine appellations
Lupiac Cadillac St croix du mont Premieres cote de Bordeaux
56
Cotes de Bordeaux saint macaire
South of Lupiac / white wine in Sec, Moelleux, Liquoreuxn
57
Graves de veyeres
Both red and white wines / simile style to Bordeaux
58
1855 classification 1st growths
Château Lafite Rothschild Pauillac
Château Latour Pauillac
Château Margaux Margaux Château Mouton-Rothschild (elevated to first-growth in 1973) Pauillac
Château Haut-Brion Pessac, Graves (since 1986, Pessac-Léognan)
59
1855 classification 2nd growths
Château Cos-d'Estournel St.-Estèphe
Château Montrose St.-Estèphe Château Pichon-Longueville Baron Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande (Pichon Longueville Lalande) Pauillac
Château Léoville Las Cases St.-Julien
Château Léoville Poyferré St.-Julien
Château Léoville Barton St.-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose St.-Julien Château Ducru-Beaucaillou St.-Julien Château Rausan-Ségla (Rauzan-Ségla) Margaux
Château Rauzan-Gassies Margaux Château Durfort-Vivens Margaux Château Lascombes Margaux Château Brane-Cantenac Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux)
60
1855 classification 3rd growths
Château Calon-Ségur St.-Estèphe
Château Lagrange St.-Julien
Château Langoa Barton St.-Julien
Château Desmirail Margaux
Château Ferrière Margaux
Château Marquis-d'Alesme-Becker Margaux Château Kirwan Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux)
Château d'Issan Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux) Château Giscours Labarde-Margaux (Margaux)
Château Malescot-St.-Exupéry Margaux
Château Cantenac-Brown Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux)
Château Boyd-Cantenac Margaux
Château Palmer Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux) Château La Lagune Ludon (Haut-Médoc
61
1855 classification 4th growths
Château Lafon-Rochet St.-Estèphe
Château Duhart-Milon Rothschild Pauillac Château St.-Pierre St.-Julien
Château Talbot St.-Julien
Château Branaire-Ducru St.-Julien Château Beychevelle St.-Julien
Château Pouget Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux)
Château Prieuré-Lichine Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux) 
Château Marquis de Terme Margaux Château La Tour Carnet St.-Laurent (Haut-Médoc
62
1855 classification 5th growths
Château Pontet-Canet Pauillac Château Batailley Pauillac Château Haut-Batailley Pauillac Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste Pauillac Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse Pauillac Château Lynch Bages Pauillac Château Lynch-Moussas Pauillac Château Dauzac Labarde (Margaux) Château Mouton-Baronne-Philippe (Château d'Armailhac after 1989) Pauillac Château du Tertre Arsac (Margaux) Château Haut-Bages Libéral Pauillac Château Pédesclaux Pauillac Château Belgrave St.-Laurent (Haut-Médoc) Château Camensac (Château de Camensac) St.-Laurent (Haut-Médoc) Château Cos Labory St.-Estèphe Château Clerc Milon Pauillac Château Croizet-Bages Pauillac
 Château Cantemerle Macau (Haut-Médoc)
63
1855 classification Sauternes and Barsac 1st growths
Château La Tour Blanche Bommes (Sauternes) Château Lafaurie-Peyraguey Bommes (Sauternes)
 Clos Haut-Peyraguey (Clos Haut-Peyraguey) Bommes (Sauternes)
 Château de Rayne Vigneau Bommes (Sauternes) Château Suduiraut Preignac (Sauternes)
 Château Coutet  Barsac Château Climens  Barsac Château Guiraud Sauternes Château Rieussec Fargues (Sauternes) Château Rabaud-Promis Bommes (Sauternes) Château Sigalas Rabaud Bommes (Sauternes)
64
Second labels 1st growths
Le Petit Mouton, Les Forts de Latour, Carruades de Lafite, Pavillon Rouge du Château Margaux, Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
65
Second labels St Emilion
Le Petit Cheval, Chapelle d'Ausone, Le Carillon d'Angélus Arômes de Pavie
66
Forest that protect Medoc from Atlantic Ocean weather patterns
Landes forest
67
Classic vintages
1982 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2015 2016
68
Bad vintage in the 2000’s in Bordeaux
2013

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