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Irreversible Cell Injury > Introduction The Cell > Flashcards

Introduction The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

A

The nucleus stores the cell’s genetic material and coordinates activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

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2
Q

True or False: The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.

A

ribosome

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4
Q

What organelle is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?

A

Golgi apparatus

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5
Q

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste materials?

A

lysosome

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of these organelles is involved in energy production? A) Ribosome B) Mitochondria C) Golgi apparatus

A

B) Mitochondria

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7
Q

What structure provides support and shape to plant cells?

A

cell wall

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8
Q

True or False: The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize and process proteins.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is responsible for lipid synthesis and metabolism.

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known for its role in cellular respiration? A) Lysosome B) Mitochondria C) Nucleus

A

B) Mitochondria

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13
Q

True or False: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only certain substances to enter or exit the cell.

A

True

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14
Q

What organelle is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA?

A

nucleolus

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15
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

A

The cytoskeleton provides structural support and aids in cell movement and division.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ stores nutrients, waste products, and other materials in the cell.

A

vacuole

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17
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? A) Modifying proteins B) Packaging proteins C) Synthesizing DNA

A

C) Synthesizing DNA

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19
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

A

True

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20
Q

What is the primary role of the cell’s cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and holds organelles in place.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ are small organelles that are the site of protein synthesis.

22
Q

What organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?

A

mitochondria

23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances? A) Lysosome B) Peroxisome C) Ribosome

A

B) Peroxisome

24
Q

True or False: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface.

25
Q

What is the function of the centrosome in a cell?

A

The centrosome organizes microtubules and is involved in cell division.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is a double-membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material.

27
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of biological membranes as a mosaic of various components, including lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, that move fluidly within the layer.

28
Q

True or False: The fluid mosaic model suggests that membrane components are static.

29
Q

What are the main components of biological membranes according to the fluid mosaic model?

A

Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: In the fluid mosaic model, the lipid bilayer is primarily composed of __________.

A

phospholipids.

31
Q

How do proteins in the membrane contribute to its function?

A

Proteins facilitate transport, act as receptors, and provide structural support.

32
Q

What property of the lipid bilayer allows for the fluidity of the membrane?

A

The presence of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids.

33
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins? A) Transport B) Enzyme activity C) Energy production D) Cell signaling

A

C) Energy production

34
Q

What role do carbohydrates play in the fluid mosaic model?

A

Carbohydrates are involved in cell recognition and communication.

35
Q

True or False: Cholesterol is a component of the fluid mosaic model that increases membrane fluidity.

36
Q

What effect does temperature have on membrane fluidity?

A

Higher temperatures increase fluidity, while lower temperatures decrease it.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The arrangement of proteins in the membrane can be described as __________.

A

asymmetrical.

38
Q

What is the significance of the ‘mosaic’ aspect of the fluid mosaic model?

A

It highlights the diverse arrangement and types of molecules within the membrane.

39
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of protein spans the entire membrane? A) Peripheral proteins B) Integral proteins C) Lipid-anchored proteins D) Glycoproteins

A

B) Integral proteins

40
Q

What is the primary function of phospholipids in the membrane?

A

To form the lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier to most water-soluble substances.

41
Q

True or False: The fluid mosaic model implies that all components of the membrane can move freely.

42
Q

What are lipid rafts?

A

Lipid rafts are microdomains within the membrane that are enriched in cholesterol and certain lipids, affecting membrane fluidity and protein distribution.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The ability of proteins to move laterally in the membrane is important for __________.

A

cell signaling.

44
Q

What is the role of glycoproteins in biological membranes?

A

Glycoproteins play key roles in cell recognition and signaling.

45
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes membrane permeability? A) Membranes are impermeable to all substances B) Membranes selectively allow certain substances to pass C) Membranes are only permeable to ions D) Membranes are permeable to large molecules

A

B) Membranes selectively allow certain substances to pass

46
Q

What is meant by ‘fluidity’ in the context of the fluid mosaic model?

A

Fluidity refers to the ability of the lipid bilayer and its components to move laterally and change shape.

47
Q

True or False: The fluid mosaic model applies only to animal cells.

48
Q

What is the importance of membrane asymmetry?

A

Membrane asymmetry is crucial for various cellular functions, including signaling and transport.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ in the membrane can help stabilize its structure.

A

cholesterol.

50
Q

What is the role of peripheral proteins in the membrane?

A

Peripheral proteins are involved in signaling pathways and providing structural support.

51
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of the lipid bilayer? A) Rigid structure B) Fluid and dynamic C) Completely impermeable D) Fixed arrangement

A

B) Fluid and dynamic

Irreversible Cell Injury (21 decks)

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