Acute Inflammation Flashcards
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
The cardinal signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
True or False: Redness is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.
True
Fill in the blank: The cardinal sign of inflammation characterized by increased blood flow is called _____.
redness
What causes the heat associated with inflammation?
The heat is caused by increased blood flow to the inflamed area.
Which cardinal sign of inflammation results from the accumulation of fluid in tissues?
Swelling
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation? A) Redness B) Heat C) Fever D) Pain
C) Fever
Short Answer: What is the role of pain in inflammation?
Pain serves as a protective mechanism that alerts the body to injury or infection.
True or False: Loss of function is one of the cardinal signs of inflammation.
True
What is the primary cause of inflammation?
Inflammation is primarily caused by infection, injury, and immune responses.
Fill in the blank: Inflammation can be triggered by _____.
pathogens, chemicals, or physical injury
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can cause inflammation? A) Bacteria B) Allergens C) Toxins D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the term for the process of inflammation that occurs in response to tissue injury?
Acute inflammation
True or False: Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage.
True
Short Answer: Name one factor that can contribute to chronic inflammation.
Autoimmune diseases
Fill in the blank: The increased permeability of blood vessels during inflammation allows _____ to exit into tissues.
plasma and leukocytes
Multiple Choice: Which cardinal sign of inflammation is primarily due to the release of inflammatory mediators? A) Redness B) Pain C) Heat D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the function of cytokines in inflammation?
Cytokines are signaling proteins that mediate and regulate immune responses.
True or False: Inflammation is always a negative response for the body.
False
Fill in the blank: The four classical signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and _____.
pain
What is a common example of a chronic inflammatory disease?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a systemic effect of inflammation? A) Fever B) Localized redness C) Swelling D) Pain
A) Fever
Short Answer: What type of immune cells are primarily involved in the inflammatory response?
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
What is the role of histamine in the inflammatory process?
Histamine increases blood vessel permeability and promotes vasodilation.
True or False: Inflammation can be beneficial in fighting infections.
True
Fill in the blank: The accumulation of pus is often associated with _____ inflammation.
purulent
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of chronic inflammation? A) Redness B) Persistent pain C) Swelling D) Heat
B) Persistent pain
Short Answer: What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
Acute inflammation is a short-term response to injury, while chronic inflammation is a long-term response that can persist for months or years.
What is inflammation?
Inflammation is the body’s response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
True or False: Inflammation is always a harmful process.
False. Inflammation is a protective response that helps the body heal.
Name the four classic signs of inflammation.
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
What role do blood vessels play in inflammation?
Blood vessels dilate and become more permeable to allow immune cells and proteins to reach the affected tissue.
Fill in the blank: The first step in the vascular response of inflammation is __________.
vasodilation.
What type of white blood cells are primarily involved in the early response to inflammation?
Neutrophils.
True or False: Histamine is released by mast cells during inflammation.
True.
What is the purpose of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
To allow plasma proteins and leukocytes to exit the bloodstream and enter the tissue.
Which cytokine is known to promote inflammation?
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).
What is the role of macrophages in inflammation?
Macrophages phagocytize pathogens and debris and release cytokines to further promote the inflammatory response.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute inflammation? A) Swelling B) Chronic pain C) Redness D) Heat
B) Chronic pain.
What are chemokines?
Chemokines are a subset of cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of inflammation.
True or False: Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process by which white blood cells move out of blood vessels and into tissues is called __________.
extravasation.
What is the significance of the acute phase response in inflammation?
It involves systemic changes like fever and increased production of acute phase proteins to assist in healing.
Name one common cause of chronic inflammation.
Persistent infections, autoimmune diseases, or prolonged exposure to irritants.
What is the function of prostaglandins in inflammation?
Prostaglandins mediate pain and fever and contribute to the inflammatory response.
True or False: All inflammatory responses are identical regardless of the cause.
False. Inflammatory responses can vary based on the underlying cause and context.
What is the role of platelets in inflammation?
Platelets help in clotting and release factors that promote inflammation and healing.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a mediator of inflammation? A) Insulin B) Histamine C) Hemoglobin D) Myoglobin
B) Histamine.
Describe the term ‘inflammatory exudate’.
Inflammatory exudate is the fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into surrounding tissues during inflammation, containing proteins and cells.
What happens to blood flow during the initial phase of inflammation?
Blood flow increases due to vasodilation.
True or False: The inflammatory response is always localized to the site of injury.
False. It can also have systemic effects.
What is the primary function of dendritic cells in inflammation?
Dendritic cells capture and present antigens to T cells, linking innate and adaptive immunity.
Fill in the blank: __________ are specialized cells that release inflammatory mediators and are found in connective tissues.
Mast cells.
What is the role of adaptive immunity in the context of inflammation?
Adaptive immunity provides a specific response to pathogens that may be involved in the inflammatory process.
What is acute inflammation?
Acute inflammation is the body’s immediate response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
Which cells are primarily involved in the acute inflammatory response?
Neutrophils are the primary cells involved in the acute inflammatory response.
True or False: Acute inflammation can result in tissue repair.
True
Name one chemical mediator of acute inflammation.
Histamine is a chemical mediator of acute inflammation.
Fill in the blank: The process of acute inflammation often includes the release of __________ from damaged tissues.
cytokines
What role do prostaglandins play in acute inflammation?
Prostaglandins promote vasodilation and increase vascular permeability during acute inflammation.
Which vascular change is characteristic of acute inflammation?
Increased blood flow (hyperemia) is characteristic of acute inflammation.
What is the primary outcome of acute inflammation?
The primary outcome of acute inflammation is the elimination of the injurious agent and the initiation of tissue repair.
Multiple Choice: Which mediator is known for causing pain during acute inflammation? A) Histamine B) Prostaglandins C) Cytokines D) All of the above
D) All of the above
True or False: Acute inflammation can lead to chronic inflammation if the stimulus persists.
True
What is the role of macrophages in acute inflammation?
Macrophages help in phagocytosing pathogens and debris and secrete cytokines to coordinate the inflammatory response.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a key event that occurs during the vascular phase of acute inflammation.
Vasodilation
What is the significance of increased vascular permeability during acute inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability allows plasma proteins and leukocytes to exit the bloodstream and reach the site of injury.
Name two outcomes of acute inflammation.
Two outcomes of acute inflammation are resolution (healing) and progression to chronic inflammation.
Which type of cells are responsible for the formation of pus?
Neutrophils are responsible for the formation of pus.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a sign of acute inflammation? A) Redness B) Swelling C) Fever D) Hair growth
D) Hair growth
What is the function of chemokines in acute inflammation?
Chemokines attract leukocytes to the site of inflammation.
True or False: Acute inflammation is always harmful and should be avoided.
False
What is the role of fibrinogen in the inflammatory process?
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin, which helps in forming a clot to prevent the spread of infection.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase of acute inflammation involves changes in blood flow and vessel permeability.
vascular
What is the primary function of inflammatory mediators?
Inflammatory mediators coordinate the inflammatory response by promoting vasodilation, increasing permeability, and attracting immune cells.
Which mediator is primarily responsible for fever during acute inflammation?
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is primarily responsible for inducing fever.
What is the term for the accumulation of fluid in tissues during inflammation?
Edema is the term for the accumulation of fluid in tissues during inflammation.
Name a systemic effect of acute inflammation.
Fever is a systemic effect of acute inflammation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute inflammation? A) Rapid onset B) Short duration C) Granuloma formation D) Swelling
C) Granuloma formation
What is acute inflammation?
A rapid and early response to injury or infection characterized by increased blood flow and immune cell activation.
True or False: Acute inflammation is a slow process.
False
What are the primary cellular components involved in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells.
Fill in the blank: The main vascular changes in acute inflammation include increased __________ and increased permeability.
blood flow
What type of exudate is typically associated with acute inflammation?
Serous exudate, which is clear and watery.
What morphological feature is characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils at the site of inflammation?
Neutrophilic infiltration.
What is the role of macrophages in acute inflammation?
To phagocytize pathogens and debris, and to secrete cytokines.
True or False: Acute inflammation can lead to tissue repair.
True
What is the significance of edema in acute inflammation?
It helps to deliver immune cells and proteins to the affected area.
Which morphological change indicates the presence of inflammation in blood vessels?
Vasodilation.
What is the typical duration of acute inflammation?
Minutes to a few days.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acute inflammation? A) Redness B) Swelling C) Granuloma formation D) Heat
C) Granuloma formation
What is the primary cause of the redness associated with acute inflammation?
Increased blood flow due to vasodilation.
Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to the escape of fluid, proteins, and cells from the vascular compartment into the tissue during inflammation.
exudation
What is the typical histological finding in acute inflammation?
Presence of neutrophils in the affected tissue.
True or False: Acute inflammation is always harmful to the body.
False
What is the role of cytokines in acute inflammation?
To mediate and regulate the inflammatory response.
What morphological change occurs in endothelial cells during acute inflammation?
Increased expression of adhesion molecules.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a systemic effect of acute inflammation? A) Fever B) Hypertension C) Hypoglycemia D) Anemia
A) Fever
What is the term for the accumulation of pus at the site of acute inflammation?
Suppuration.
Fill in the blank: The __________ response is characterized by the mobilization of leukocytes to the site of injury.
leukocyte
What is the common outcome of acute inflammation?
Resolution, repair, or chronic inflammation.
True or False: Acute inflammation can lead to the formation of scar tissue.
True
What type of inflammatory cell predominates in the early stages of acute inflammation?
Neutrophils.
What morphological feature is indicative of chronic inflammation rather than acute inflammation?
Granuloma formation.
What is the primary function of exudates in acute inflammation?
To deliver nutrients and immune cells to the site of injury.
