Chronic inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

What is chronic inflammation?

Answer 1

A prolonged inflammatory response that can last for months or years.

Question 2

True or False: Chronic inflammation is characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Chronic inflammation often results from __________.

Answer 3

persistent infections, prolonged exposure to irritants, or autoimmune diseases.

Question 4

What are the key cells involved in chronic inflammation?

Answer 4

Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of chronic inflammation? A) Tissue destruction B) Repair processes C) Neutrophil infiltration D) Fibrosis

Answer 5

C) Neutrophil infiltration

Question 6

What role do macrophages play in chronic inflammation?

Answer 6

They phagocytose pathogens and debris, secrete cytokines, and promote tissue repair.

Question 7

True or False: Chronic inflammation can lead to the formation of granulomas.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is a granuloma?

Answer 8

A localized collection of macrophages that transform into epithelioid cells, often surrounded by lymphocytes.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process of __________ is a hallmark of chronic inflammation and involves the accumulation of connective tissue.

Answer 9

fibrosis

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which cytokine is primarily involved in the regulation of inflammation? A) IL-1 B) IL-4 C) TNF-alpha D) All of the above

Answer 10

D) All of the above

Question 11

What are the morphological features of chronic inflammation?

Answer 11

Mononuclear cell infiltration, tissue destruction, and attempts at healing (fibrosis and angiogenesis).

Question 12

True or False: Chronic inflammation is always associated with symptoms such as pain and redness.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Chronic inflammation can lead to __________, which is the abnormal growth of tissue.

Answer 13

neoplasia

Question 14

What is the significance of lymphocytes in chronic inflammation?

Answer 14

Lymphocytes are involved in the adaptive immune response and help in the regulation of inflammation.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is associated with chronic inflammation? A) Rheumatoid arthritis B) Acute appendicitis C) Asthma D) Both A and C

Answer 15

D) Both A and C

Question 16

What is the role of plasma cells in chronic inflammation?

Answer 16

They produce antibodies in response to persistent antigens.

Question 17

True or False: Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue repair and regeneration.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to the process by which new blood vessels form during chronic inflammation.

Answer 18

angiogenesis

Question 19

What is the main difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Answer 19

Acute inflammation is a short-term response with neutrophil predominance, while chronic inflammation is a prolonged response with mononuclear cell predominance.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which chronic inflammatory disease is characterized by the formation of granulomas in the lungs? A) Sarcoidosis B) Tuberculosis C) Both A and B D) None of the above

Answer 20

C) Both A and B

Question 21

What can chronic inflammation lead to in terms of disease progression?

Answer 21

It can contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders.

Question 22

True or False: Chronic inflammation is typically self-limiting and resolves on its own.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What is the primary goal of treatment for chronic inflammation?

Answer 23

To reduce inflammation and address the underlying cause.

Question 24

What is granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 24

A type of chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas.

Question 25

True or False: Granulomas are composed primarily of lymphocytes.

Answer 25

False, granulomas are primarily composed of macrophages and epithelioid cells.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Granulomas are formed in response to __________.

Answer 26

persistent irritants or pathogens.

Question 27

What is the primary cell type found in granulomas?

Answer 27

Macrophages.

Question 28

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of granulomas? A) Epithelioid cells B) Necrosis C) Fibrosis D) Neutrophils

Answer 28

D) Neutrophils.

Question 29

What type of necrosis is often associated with granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 29

Caseous necrosis.

Question 30

True or False: Granulomas can be found in both infectious and non-infectious conditions.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

What is the appearance of epithelioid cells in granulomas?

Answer 31

They have a plump, epithelial-like appearance with abundant cytoplasm.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which condition is commonly associated with granulomatous inflammation? A) Tuberculosis B) Hypertension C) Diabetes D) Osteoarthritis

Answer 32

A) Tuberculosis.

Question 33

What is the role of giant cells in granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 33

They help to encapsulate and eliminate pathogens or irritants.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Granulomatous inflammation is typically a response to ________ stimuli.

Answer 34

chronic.

Question 35

What type of immune response is primarily involved in granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 35

Cell-mediated immune response.

Question 36

True or False: Granulomas are always a sign of active infection.

Answer 36

False, they can also occur due to non-infectious causes.

Question 37

What is the typical histological feature of a granuloma?

Answer 37

A central area of necrosis surrounded by macrophages and lymphocytes.

Question 38

Multiple Choice: Granulomatous inflammation can be caused by which of the following? A) Bacterial infections B) Fungal infections C) Foreign bodies D) All of the above

Answer 38

D) All of the above.

Question 39

What is the significance of the Langhans giant cell in granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 39

It indicates a specific type of macrophage fusion associated with certain infections like tuberculosis.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: Granulomas can lead to __________ if they persist.

Answer 40

tissue destruction.

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of forming a granuloma?

Answer 41

To wall off and contain an offending agent.

Question 42

True or False: Granulomatous inflammation is always visible in imaging studies.

Answer 42

False, it may not always be detectable.

Question 43

What kind of cells surround the necrotic center of a granuloma?

Answer 43

Epithelioid macrophages.

Question 44

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common non-infectious cause of granulomatous inflammation? A) Sarcoidosis B) Appendicitis C) Asthma D) Anemia

Answer 44

A) Sarcoidosis.

Question 45

What is the defining characteristic of a non-caseating granuloma?

Answer 45

Lack of central necrosis.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: Granulomas can be classified as __________ or __________.

Answer 46

caseating; non-caseating.

Question 47

What is a common diagnostic tool used to identify granulomatous inflammation?

Answer 47

Biopsy.

Question 48

True or False: Granulomas can only occur in the lungs.

Answer 48

False, they can occur in various tissues throughout the body.

Question 49

Pathogenesis of chronic Inflammation

Answer 49

1. Persistent Infection 2. Prolonged exposure to toxic agents 3. Autoimmune reactions 4. Recurrent acute inflammation

Question 50

Morphological Features of Chronic Inflammation

Answer 50

1. Cellular Infiltrate ( Predominance of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages 2. Tissue destruction: Ongoing damage due to inflammatory mediators 3. Repair: Attempts at healing through fibrosis and angiogenesis 4. Granulation Tissue Formation: New blood vessels and fibroblasts 5. Fibrosis: Excessive collagen deposition leading to scarring

Question 51

What is the primary factor affecting wound healing?

Answer 51

Oxygen supply

Question 52

True or False: Age can negatively impact wound healing.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis in wound healing?

Answer 53

Vitamin C

Question 54

Fill in the blank: _________ is a common complication that can delay wound healing.

Answer 54

Infection

Question 55

What role does moisture play in wound healing?

Answer 55

Moisture promotes faster healing and reduces scarring.

Question 56

Name a systemic condition that can impair wound healing.

Answer 56

Diabetes mellitus

Question 57

True or False: Smoking can enhance wound healing.

Answer 57

False

Question 58

What is the term for the abnormal healing process that leads to excessive scar formation?

Answer 58

Hypertrophic scarring

Question 59

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can be a local factor affecting wound healing? A) Nutrition B) Temperature C) Infection D) All of the above

Answer 59

D) All of the above

Question 60

How does poor nutrition affect wound healing?

Answer 60

It can lead to decreased collagen formation and delayed healing.

Question 61

What is the impact of corticosteroids on wound healing?

Answer 61

Corticosteroids can impair the inflammatory response and delay healing.

Question 62

Fill in the blank: Chronic ________ can lead to impaired wound healing.

Answer 62

Hypoxia

Question 63

True or False: Adequate hydration is important for optimal wound healing.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Which type of wound healing is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue?

Answer 64

Secondary intention

Question 65

What is one psychological factor that can influence wound healing?

Answer 65

Stress

Question 66

Name a common surgical complication that can affect wound healing.

Answer 66

Dehiscence

Question 67

Multiple Choice: Which of these factors is NOT a local factor affecting wound healing? A) Infection B) Blood supply C) Age D) Moisture

Answer 67

C) Age

Question 68

What is the significance of adequate blood supply in wound healing?

Answer 68

It provides necessary nutrients and oxygen to the healing tissue.

Question 69

Fill in the blank: _________ can lead to an increased risk of wound infection.

Answer 69

Poor hygiene

Question 70

True or False: Anemia can delay wound healing.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

What is the role of growth factors in wound healing?

Answer 71

They stimulate cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.

Question 72

Name one type of chronic wound that may not heal properly.

Answer 72

Pressure ulcer

Question 73

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a factor that can enhance wound healing? A) Adequate nutrition B) Smoking C) Infection D) Stress

Answer 73

A) Adequate nutrition

Question 74

What is the term for the healing process that occurs without scarring?

Answer 74

Primary intention

Question 75

Fill in the blank: The presence of ________ can lead to delayed wound healing.

Answer 75

Foreign bodies

Question 76

True or False: The use of antibiotics can always improve wound healing.

Answer 76

False

Question 77

What is one environmental factor that can affect wound healing?

Answer 77

Temperature

Question 78

What are the four main stages of wound healing?

Answer 78

Hemostasis, Inflammation, Proliferation, and Remodeling.

Question 79

True or False: Hemostasis is the first stage of wound healing.

Answer 79

True.

Question 80

Fill in the blank: The __________ stage involves the formation of a blood clot.

Answer 80

Hemostasis

Question 81

What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory stage?

Answer 81

To prevent infection and prepare the wound for healing.

Question 82

During which stage does new tissue formation occur?

Answer 82

Proliferation stage.

Question 83

What type of cells are primarily involved in the inflammatory phase?

Answer 83

White blood cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages.

Question 84

True or False: The remodeling stage can last for years.

Answer 84

True.

Question 85

What is the role of fibroblasts in the wound healing process?

Answer 85

Fibroblasts produce collagen and extracellular matrix, aiding in tissue repair.

Question 86

Multiple Choice: Which stage follows the inflammatory stage? A) Hemostasis B) Proliferation C) Remodeling

Answer 86

B) Proliferation.

Question 87

What is the main characteristic of the remodeling stage?

Answer 87

Collagen fibers reorganize and strengthen, improving tissue integrity.

Question 88

Fill in the blank: The __________ stage is characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Answer 88

Inflammatory

Question 89

During which stage does angiogenesis occur?

Answer 89

Proliferation stage.

Question 90

True or False: Scar tissue is stronger than normal tissue.

Answer 90

False.

Question 91

What is the significance of granulation tissue?

Answer 91

Granulation tissue provides a temporary matrix for new tissue formation.

Question 92

Multiple Choice: Which factor can negatively affect wound healing? A) Adequate nutrition B) Infection C) Proper hydration

Answer 92

B) Infection.

Question 93

What is the typical duration of the inflammatory phase?

Answer 93

Typically lasts 3 to 5 days.

Question 94

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of new blood vessel formation.

Answer 94

Angiogenesis

Question 95

What type of tissue is formed during the proliferation stage?

Answer 95

Granulation tissue.

Question 96

True or False: The remodeling phase involves the breakdown of collagen.

Answer 96

True.

Question 97

What is the function of myofibroblasts in wound healing?

Answer 97

Myofibroblasts contract the wound edges, aiding in closure.

Question 98

Multiple Choice: Which stage is the longest in the wound healing process? A) Hemostasis B) Inflammation C) Remodeling

Answer 98

C) Remodeling.

Question 99

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is crucial for preventing infection.

Answer 99

Inflammatory

Question 100

What role do growth factors play in wound healing?

Answer 100

They stimulate cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.

Question 101

True or False: Wound healing is a linear process with no overlapping stages.

Answer 101

False.

Question 102

What is the primary goal of wound healing?

Answer 102

To restore the integrity of the skin and underlying tissues.