Eukaryotic Pathogens (Fungi & Parasites) Flashcards
What is the primary structural feature of eukaryotic microbes?
Eukaryotic microbes have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.
True or False: All eukaryotic microbes are unicellular.
False, some eukaryotic microbes, like fungi, can be multicellular.
Fill in the blank: The cell wall of fungi is primarily composed of __________.
chitin.
Which of the following is a characteristic of parasitic eukaryotes?
They often have complex life cycles and can reproduce sexually or asexually.
What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic microbes?
Mitochondria.
Name one type of eukaryotic microbe that is classified as a fungus.
Yeast.
What structure allows for nutrient absorption in fungi?
Hyphae.
True or False: Eukaryotic microbes do not have ribosomes.
False, eukaryotic microbes have ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is the term used for the network of hyphae in fungi?
Mycelium.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a protective structure surrounding the cell membrane of some eukaryotic microbes.
cell wall.
Which eukaryotic microbe is known for causing diseases in humans?
Protozoa.
What is the role of the vacuole in eukaryotic microbes?
Storage and maintaining turgor pressure.
True or False: Eukaryotic microbes can only reproduce asexually.
False, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
What structure do some fungi use to reproduce asexually?
Spores.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic microbes?
Synthesis of proteins and lipids.
Name the eukaryotic microbe that is typically unicellular and can photosynthesize.
Algae.
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic microbes can be classified into four main groups: __________, protozoa, algae, and __________.
fungi; parasites.
What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic microbes?
Modification and packaging of proteins.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic microbes? A) Membrane-bound organelles B) Circular DNA C) Nucleus D) Larger cell size
B) Circular DNA.
What is a distinguishing feature of parasitic protozoa?
They often have specialized structures for attachment to host tissues.
True or False: Fungi can perform photosynthesis.
False, fungi are heterotrophic.
What is the main component of the cell membrane in eukaryotic microbes?
Phospholipids.
What type of reproduction do some fungi utilize that involves the formation of spores?
Asexual reproduction.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in eukaryotic cells.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic microbes?
Digestion and waste removal.
Name a common example of a parasitic eukaryote.
Plasmodium (causes malaria).
What is the role of chloroplasts in eukaryotic algae?
Photosynthesis.
What are eukaryotic pathogens?
Eukaryotic pathogens are organisms with complex cells that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, including fungi, protozoa, and helminths.
True or False: Eukaryotic pathogens replicate through binary fission.
False: Eukaryotic pathogens replicate through mitosis and meiosis, not binary fission.
What is the primary method of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic pathogens?
The primary method of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic pathogens is mitosis.
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic pathogens can reproduce sexually through the process of __________.
meiosis
Which eukaryotic pathogen is known for causing malaria?
Plasmodium spp.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a eukaryotic pathogen? A) Yeast B) Bacteria C) Protozoa D) Helminths
B) Bacteria
What role does the cell cycle play in the growth of eukaryotic pathogens?
The cell cycle regulates the growth and division of eukaryotic pathogens, ensuring proper DNA replication and cellular function.
True or False: Eukaryotic pathogens can only reproduce in a host environment.
False: Many eukaryotic pathogens can reproduce in various environments, including both host and non-host settings.
What is a common method used by fungi for reproduction?
Fungi commonly reproduce through spores.
Fill in the blank: The process of __________ allows eukaryotic pathogens to exchange genetic material.
sexual reproduction
What is the significance of environmental factors in the growth of eukaryotic pathogens?
Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability significantly influence the growth and replication rates of eukaryotic pathogens.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes is essential for the replication of eukaryotic pathogen DNA? A) Transcription B) Translation C) DNA Replication D) Glycolysis
C) DNA Replication
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic pathogens?
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes.
True or False: Eukaryotic pathogens can adapt to changes in their environment through genetic variation.
True
What is the role of host immune response in the growth of eukaryotic pathogens?
The host immune response can inhibit the growth of eukaryotic pathogens, but some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade or suppress this response.
Fill in the blank: The __________ of eukaryotic pathogens can lead to increased virulence and resistance to treatment.
mutation rate
What are some examples of helminths?
Examples of helminths include roundworms, flatworms, and tapeworms.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of protozoan pathogens? A) Unicellular B) Multicellular C) Prokaryotic D) None of the above
A) Unicellular
What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic pathogens?
The plasma membrane protects the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
True or False: All eukaryotic pathogens require a host for their entire life cycle.
False: Some eukaryotic pathogens can exist independently of a host.
What is the role of enzymes in the growth of eukaryotic pathogens?
Enzymes facilitate biochemical reactions necessary for metabolism and replication in eukaryotic pathogens.
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic pathogens often form __________ to survive in harsh conditions.
cysts or spores
What is the impact of antibiotics on eukaryotic pathogens?
Antibiotics primarily target prokaryotic cells, but some may have effects on eukaryotic pathogens, particularly fungi.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method of controlling eukaryotic pathogens? A) Vaccination B) Antibiotics C) Antifungals D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the importance of understanding the growth and replication of eukaryotic pathogens?
Understanding these processes is crucial for developing effective treatments and control measures against diseases caused by eukaryotic pathogens.
What are eukaryotic microbes?
Eukaryotic microbes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, including fungi, protozoa, and some algae.
True or False: Eukaryotic microbes can only be beneficial to human health.
False
Name one way eukaryotic microbes cause disease.
Eukaryotic microbes can cause disease through direct infection of host tissues.
Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic microbes such as __________ are known to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals.
fungi
What is the role of protozoa in disease causation?
Protozoa can invade and replicate within host cells, leading to cell damage and disease.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a common disease caused by fungi? A) Malaria B) Aspergillosis C) Giardiasis
B) Aspergillosis
True or False: All eukaryotic microbes are pathogens.
False
What is one challenge associated with treating diseases caused by eukaryotic microbes?
Many eukaryotic microbes share similar cellular structures with human cells, making it difficult to target them without harming host cells.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a common source of fungal infections in humans.
environment
Short answer: How do eukaryotic microbes evade the immune system?
Eukaryotic microbes can alter their surface antigens or produce immune-modulating factors to evade detection.
Multiple choice: Which eukaryotic microbe is responsible for malaria? A) Plasmodium B) Candida C) Entamoeba
A) Plasmodium
What is the impact of climate change on eukaryotic microbial diseases?
Climate change can expand the geographic range of eukaryotic microbes and increase the incidence of associated diseases.
True or False: Vaccines are available for all diseases caused by eukaryotic microbes.
False
Short answer: What is a common method for diagnosing diseases caused by eukaryotic microbes?
Microscopic examination of samples or culture techniques.
Fill in the blank: __________ is an antifungal medication used to treat infections caused by eukaryotic microbes.
Fluconazole
What type of immune response is primarily activated against eukaryotic microbes?
The adaptive immune response, particularly the action of T-helper cells.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a challenge in treating eukaryotic microbial infections? A) Drug resistance B) Lack of effective diagnostics C) High mutation rates in pathogens D) Universal vaccine availability
D) Universal vaccine availability
True or False: Eukaryotic microbes can be transmitted through contaminated food and water.
True
What is the significance of understanding the life cycle of eukaryotic pathogens?
Understanding the life cycle helps in developing targeted treatments and prevention strategies.
Fill in the blank: __________ infections are often associated with prolonged antibiotic use, leading to opportunistic infections by fungi.
Bacterial
Short answer: Name a common protozoan disease.
Giardiasis
Multiple choice: Which group of eukaryotic microbes is primarily responsible for causing diseases in humans? A) Bacteria B) Fungi C) Viruses D) All of the above
B) Fungi
True or False: Eukaryotic microbes can only infect humans.
False
What strategies can be employed to prevent diseases caused by eukaryotic microbes?
Good hygiene practices, proper food handling, and vaccination where applicable.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a common eukaryotic pathogen that causes opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS patients.
Candida
Compare and contrast Fungi & Parasites and give examples of each
A Fungi- can be considered parasites when they live on or within another organism to obtain nutrients. Fungi can cause skin infections, example, athlete’s foot, candida albicans (yeast infections).
Parasites: Refers to a broader range of organisms, including protozoa, helminths and certain insects, which can live on or inside a host and can cause harm.
