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Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic?

A

An antibiotic that is effective against a limited range of bacteria.

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2
Q

What is a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

A

An antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of bacteria.

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3
Q

True or False: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics can treat infections caused by multiple types of bacteria.

A

False

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4
Q

Give an example of a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

Give an example of a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

A

Tetracycline

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6
Q

What is one advantage of using narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

A

They minimize disruption to the normal flora of the body.

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7
Q

What is one disadvantage of using broad-spectrum antibiotics?

A

They can lead to antibiotic resistance and disrupt normal flora.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are typically used when the specific ________ is known.

A

pathogen

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed when the specific ________ is unknown.

A

infection

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10
Q

True or False: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are always the first choice for treatment.

A

False

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11
Q

What is the primary goal of using narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

A

To target specific bacteria causing an infection.

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12
Q

In what situations are broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used?

A

In cases of polymicrobial infections or when the causative organism is unknown.

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13
Q

What is the risk associated with overusing broad-spectrum antibiotics?

A

Increased risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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14
Q

Which type of antibiotic is more likely to cause superinfections?

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

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15
Q

What method is often used to determine the specific bacteria causing an infection?

A

Culture and sensitivity testing

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16
Q

True or False: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics can be used for viral infections.

A

False

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17
Q

What type of bacteria can broad-spectrum antibiotics target?

A

Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics is often guided by ________ results.

A

laboratory

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19
Q

What is the role of pharmacodynamics in choosing antibiotics?

A

It helps determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic against specific bacteria.

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20
Q

True or False: All antibiotics have a narrow or broad-spectrum classification.

A

True

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21
Q

What should be monitored when using broad-spectrum antibiotics?

A

Signs of antibiotic resistance and side effects.

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22
Q

Which antibiotic type is generally preferred for treating a known bacterial infection?

A

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

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23
Q

What is the importance of antibiotic stewardship?

A

To ensure the appropriate use of antibiotics and minimize resistance.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are often less likely to disrupt ________ health.

A

gut

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25
What is one reason to use broad-spectrum antibiotics initially?
To quickly control a severe or life-threatening infection while awaiting lab results.
26
What is the primary function of antibiotics?
To kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
27
Which family of antibiotics includes penicillin?
Beta-lactams.
28
True or False: Tetracyclines are effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
True.
29
What is the mechanism of action for aminoglycosides?
They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
30
Fill in the blank: Macrolides primarily target __________.
bacterial protein synthesis.
31
Which class of antibiotics is known for its broad-spectrum activity?
Carbapenems.
32
What is the mode of action of fluoroquinolones?
They inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
33
Which antibiotics are known to disrupt cell wall synthesis?
Beta-lactams and glycopeptides.
34
True or False: Sulfonamides inhibit folic acid synthesis.
True.
35
What type of bacteria are vancomycin and teicoplanin effective against?
Gram-positive bacteria.
36
Which family of antibiotics includes drugs like ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolones.
37
What is the mechanism of action for chloramphenicol?
It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
38
Fill in the blank: Lincosamides, such as clindamycin, are primarily used to treat __________ infections.
Gram-positive bacterial.
39
Which antibiotic class is known for its potential to cause nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides.
40
True or False: Oxazolidinones are effective against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria.
True.
41
What is the primary action of beta-lactam antibiotics?
They inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall.
42
Which antibiotic family includes drugs like amoxicillin and methicillin?
Penicillins.
43
What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin?
It inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase.
44
Fill in the blank: __________ are used as a last resort against resistant Gram-positive infections.
Glycopeptides.
45
Which class of antibiotics is often used to treat respiratory tract infections?
Macrolides.
46
True or False: Streptogramins are effective against Gram-negative bacteria.
False.
47
What is the main target of tetracyclines in bacteria?
The 30S ribosomal subunit.
48
Which antibiotic family does daptomycin belong to?
Lipopeptides.
49
What is the primary use of polymyxins?
To treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
50
Fill in the blank: __________ antibiotics are known to interfere with nucleic acid synthesis.
Fluoroquinolone.
51
Which class of antibiotics can cause photosensitivity as a side effect?
Tetracyclines.
52
What is beta lactamase?
Beta lactamase is an enzyme produced by certain bacteria that provides resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
53
True or False: Beta lactamase breaks down the structure of beta-lactam antibiotics.
True
54
What role does beta lactamase play in antibiotic resistance?
Beta lactamase contributes to antibiotic resistance by inactivating beta-lactam antibiotics, making them ineffective.
55
Fill in the blank: Beta lactamase is a type of __________.
enzyme
56
Which class of antibiotics is primarily affected by beta lactamase?
Beta-lactam antibiotics
57
What is the significance of bacteria producing beta lactamase in clinical settings?
It poses a challenge for treatment, leading to therapeutic failures and increased morbidity.
58
Multiple Choice: Which of the following antibiotics is commonly targeted by beta lactamase? A) Penicillin B) Tetracycline C) Macrolides D) Aminoglycosides
A) Penicillin
59
True or False: All bacteria produce beta lactamase.
False
60
What are the two main types of beta lactamases?
Class A and Class B beta lactamases.
61
Fill in the blank: The presence of beta lactamase in bacteria can lead to __________ of infections.
treatment failure
62
What is one method used to detect beta lactamase production in bacteria?
The use of specific substrates that change color when broken down by beta lactamase.
63
Multiple Choice: Which bacterial species is known for producing extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)? A) Escherichia coli B) Streptococcus pneumoniae C) Staphylococcus aureus D) Clostridium difficile
A) Escherichia coli
64
What is the impact of beta lactamase on public health?
It leads to increased healthcare costs and the need for more expensive or toxic alternative treatments.
65
True or False: Beta lactamase can be plasmid-mediated.
True
66
Fill in the blank: __________ can inhibit the activity of beta lactamase.
Beta lactamase inhibitors
67
What are some examples of beta lactamase inhibitors?
Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam.
68
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a beta lactam antibiotic? A) Amoxicillin B) Ceftriaxone C) Vancomycin D) Meropenem
C) Vancomycin
69
What is the relationship between beta lactamase and multidrug-resistant bacteria?
Beta lactamase production is often associated with multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
70
True or False: Inhibiting beta lactamase can restore the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics.
True
71
What genetic mechanisms allow for the spread of beta lactamase genes among bacteria?
Horizontal gene transfer, including conjugation, transformation, and transduction.
72
What is the clinical relevance of class C beta lactamases?
They confer resistance to cephalosporins, complicating treatment options.
73
Fill in the blank: The emergence of __________ beta lactamases poses a significant threat to public health.
carbapenemase-producing
74
What strategies can be employed to combat beta lactamase production?
Developing new antibiotics, using combination therapy, and implementing strict infection control measures.
75
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the term 'ESBL'? A) Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase B) Early Stage Beta-Lactamase C) Enhanced-Sensitivity Beta-Lactamase D) None of the above
A) Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase

Irreversible Cell Injury (31 decks)

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