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Irreversible Cell Injury > Basis of Neoplasia > Flashcards

Basis of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of tissue that arises from uncontrolled cell division.

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2
Q

True or False: All neoplasms are cancerous.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Neoplasms can be classified as __________ or __________.

A

benign; malignant

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4
Q

What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?

A

Benign neoplasms do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize, while malignant neoplasms do.

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5
Q

Which type of neoplasm is generally more aggressive?

A

Malignant neoplasm

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6
Q

What term describes the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body?

A

Metastasis

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7
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can cause serious health issues.

A

True, if they compress vital structures.

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8
Q

What is the term for a neoplasm that arises from epithelial tissue?

A

Carcinoma

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9
Q

What type of neoplasm arises from connective tissues?

A

Sarcoma

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Neoplasms can be classified based on their __________ and __________.

A

tissue of origin; behavior

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11
Q

What is the significance of grading in neoplasms?

A

Grading indicates the differentiation of cancer cells and helps predict behavior.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of benign neoplasm? A) Adenoma B) Lipoma C) Melanoma

A

C) Melanoma

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13
Q

What is the term for a neoplasm formed from glandular tissue?

A

Adenoma

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14
Q

True or False: All malignant neoplasms are referred to as cancers.

A

True

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15
Q

What is a common characteristic of malignant neoplasms?

A

They have the ability to invade surrounding tissues.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies neoplasms based on their __________.

A

histological characteristics

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17
Q

What does the term ‘in situ’ mean in relation to neoplasms?

A

It refers to a neoplasm that is localized and has not invaded surrounding tissues.

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18
Q

What is the role of staging in cancer classification?

A

Staging assesses the extent of disease spread and helps guide treatment decisions.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which stage of cancer indicates localized disease? A) Stage I B) Stage II C) Stage III

A

A) Stage I

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20
Q

What are tumor markers?

A

Substances often produced by neoplasms that can be used to help diagnose or monitor the disease.

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21
Q

True or False: All tumor markers are specific to cancer.

A

False

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22
Q

What is the most common method for diagnosing a neoplasm?

A

Biopsy

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: A neoplasm that is composed of mature fat cells is called a __________.

A

lipoma

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24
Q

What type of neoplasm is a melanoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm arising from melanocytes.

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25
Q

True or False: Neoplasms can arise in any tissue of the body.

A

True

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26
Q

What is the term for the study of tumors?

A

Oncology

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27
Q

What is the primary treatment approach for malignant neoplasms?

A

Surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy.

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28
Q

What is a benign neoplasm?

A

A benign neoplasm is a non-cancerous tumor that does not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize.

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29
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can become malignant over time.

A

False

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms are typically ________ in nature.

A

localized

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31
Q

What is the growth rate of benign neoplasms compared to malignant neoplasms?

A

Benign neoplasms generally have a slower growth rate.

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32
Q

Which type of neoplasm is more likely to cause symptoms due to pressure on surrounding structures?

A

Benign neoplasms

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33
Q

What is the common characteristic of benign neoplasms regarding encapsulation?

A

Benign neoplasms are often well-encapsulated.

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34
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a typical feature of benign neoplasms? A) Invasion of surrounding tissues B) Metastasis C) Well-defined borders D) Rapid growth

A

C) Well-defined borders

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35
Q

What are common examples of benign neoplasms?

A

Examples include lipomas, adenomas, and fibromas.

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36
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can be life-threatening.

A

False

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37
Q

What type of tissue do benign neoplasms originate from?

A

Benign neoplasms originate from normal tissues.

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38
Q

Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms do not typically ________ into nearby tissues.

A

invade

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39
Q

What is the histological feature of benign neoplasms?

A

They exhibit a well-differentiated cellular structure.

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40
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of benign neoplasms? A) Slow growth B) Encapsulation C) Invasive behavior D) Non-metastatic

A

C) Invasive behavior

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41
Q

What is the typical treatment for benign neoplasms?

A

Surgical removal is the common treatment.

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42
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can recur after removal.

A

True

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43
Q

What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms in terms of cellular differentiation?

A

Benign neoplasms are well-differentiated, whereas malignant neoplasms are poorly differentiated.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms usually do not lead to ________ in the body.

A

systemic effects

45
Q

What is the primary concern with benign neoplasms?

A

Their potential to cause symptoms or complications due to size or location.

46
Q

Multiple choice: Which imaging technique is often used to evaluate benign neoplasms? A) MRI B) PET scan C) X-ray D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

47
Q

What is the typical demographic for the occurrence of benign neoplasms?

A

They can occur in individuals of any age but are more common in middle-aged adults.

48
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can sometimes be mistaken for malignant tumors.

49
Q

What is a common characteristic of the growth pattern of benign neoplasms?

A

They tend to grow slowly and remain localized.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: Many benign neoplasms are ________ and do not require treatment unless symptomatic.

A

asymptomatic

51
Q

What role does genetics play in the formation of benign neoplasms?

A

Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain benign neoplasms.

52
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a benign neoplasm of adipose tissue? A) Carcinoma B) Lipoma C) Sarcoma D) Melanoma

53
Q

What is the prognosis for patients with benign neoplasms?

A

The prognosis is generally excellent, as they are non-cancerous.

54
Q

What is a malignant neoplasm?

A

A malignant neoplasm is a type of cancer that has the ability to invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites in the body.

55
Q

True or False: Malignant neoplasms are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.

56
Q

What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?

A

Benign neoplasms do not invade nearby tissues or metastasize, while malignant neoplasms do.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms can metastasize to __________.

A

distant organs

58
Q

Which type of cancer is known for its fast growth and high potential to metastasize?

59
Q

What are the common features of malignant neoplasms? (List at least three)

A

Invasion of surrounding tissues, metastasis, and high mitotic index.

60
Q

True or False: All malignant neoplasms are solid tumors.

61
Q

What is the term used for the spread of cancer cells to distant areas of the body?

A

Metastasis

62
Q

Name an example of a malignant neoplasm.

A

Breast cancer

63
Q

What is the significance of a high mitotic index in malignant neoplasms?

A

It indicates a higher rate of cell division, which is characteristic of cancerous growth.

64
Q

What is the typical behavior of malignant neoplasms in relation to surrounding tissues?

A

They invade and destroy surrounding tissues.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often have __________ nuclei.

A

enlarged and irregular

66
Q

True or False: Malignant neoplasms usually have well-defined borders.

67
Q

What is the role of angiogenesis in malignant neoplasms?

A

Angiogenesis provides the tumor with a blood supply, facilitating its growth and metastasis.

68
Q

Which type of malignant neoplasm arises from epithelial cells?

69
Q

Name a common treatment option for malignant neoplasms.

A

Chemotherapy

70
Q

What is a hallmark characteristic of malignant cells?

A

Their ability to evade apoptosis (programmed cell death).

71
Q

Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often lead to __________ of the affected organ.

A

dysfunction

72
Q

True or False: Malignant neoplasms are always associated with pain in the early stages.

73
Q

What is the term for the classification of tumors based on their cellular characteristics?

A

Histopathology

74
Q

What are lymphomas?

A

Lymphomas are malignant neoplasms that originate from lymphatic tissue.

75
Q

What is the primary difference between carcinomas and sarcomas?

A

Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissues, while sarcomas arise from connective tissues.

76
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ in the blood can indicate certain types of malignant neoplasms.

A

tumor markers

77
Q

How do malignant neoplasms typically affect the immune system?

A

They can suppress immune responses, allowing the cancer to grow unchecked.

78
Q

What is the significance of staging in malignant neoplasms?

A

Staging determines the extent of cancer spread and helps guide treatment options.

79
Q

Name a lifestyle factor that can contribute to the development of malignant neoplasms.

80
Q

What is a benign neoplasm?

A

A benign neoplasm is a non-cancerous tumor that does not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

81
Q

What characterizes a malignant neoplasm?

A

A malignant neoplasm is a cancerous tumor that can invade nearby tissues and metastasize to distant organs.

82
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues.

83
Q

Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms are generally __________ than malignant neoplasms.

A

less aggressive

84
Q

What is the typical growth rate of benign neoplasms?

A

Benign neoplasms usually grow slowly.

85
Q

What is a common characteristic of malignant neoplasms regarding growth rate?

A

Malignant neoplasms typically grow rapidly.

86
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant neoplasms? A) Well-defined borders B) Invasive growth C) Encapsulated

A

B) Invasive growth

87
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can recur after removal.

88
Q

What is the common term for a malignant neoplasm?

89
Q

Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms can __________ to other parts of the body.

A

metastasize

90
Q

What type of tissue can benign neoplasms arise from?

A

Any type of tissue, including epithelial and connective tissues.

91
Q

Multiple Choice: Benign neoplasms are typically: A) Non-invasive B) Highly invasive C) Always fatal

A

A) Non-invasive

92
Q

What type of surgical procedure is often used to remove benign neoplasms?

A

Excisional surgery

93
Q

True or False: Malignant neoplasms often require chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

94
Q

What is the term for the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body?

A

Metastasis

95
Q

Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms are usually __________ and do not threaten life.

96
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of malignant neoplasms? A) Pain B) Infection C) Both A and B

A

C) Both A and B

97
Q

What type of growth pattern do malignant neoplasms exhibit?

A

Infiltrative growth pattern

98
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can become malignant over time.

99
Q

What is the histological feature that distinguishes malignant neoplasms?

A

Poorly differentiated cells

100
Q

Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often show __________ cellular atypia.

101
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benign neoplasms? A) Encapsulated B) Rapid growth C) Well-defined borders

A

B) Rapid growth

102
Q

What is the primary treatment goal for malignant neoplasms?

A

Eradication of cancer

103
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can lead to serious health issues if left untreated.

104
Q

What is the common procedure to diagnose malignant neoplasms?

105
Q

Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often have __________ cellular architecture.

A

disordered

Irreversible Cell Injury (21 decks)

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