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Basis of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of tissue that arises from uncontrolled cell division.

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2
Q

True or False: All neoplasms are cancerous.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Neoplasms can be classified as __________ or __________.

A

benign; malignant

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4
Q

What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?

A

Benign neoplasms do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize, while malignant neoplasms do.

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5
Q

Which type of neoplasm is generally more aggressive?

A

Malignant neoplasm

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6
Q

What term describes the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body?

A

Metastasis

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7
Q

True or False: Benign neoplasms can cause serious health issues.

A

True, if they compress vital structures.

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8
Q

What is the term for a neoplasm that arises from epithelial tissue?

A

Carcinoma

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9
Q

What type of neoplasm arises from connective tissues?

A

Sarcoma

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Neoplasms can be classified based on their __________ and __________.

A

tissue of origin; behavior

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11
Q

What is the significance of grading in neoplasms?

A

Grading indicates the differentiation of cancer cells and helps predict behavior.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of benign neoplasm? A) Adenoma B) Lipoma C) Melanoma

A

C) Melanoma

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13
Q

What is the term for a neoplasm formed from glandular tissue?

A

Adenoma

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14
Q

True or False: All malignant neoplasms are referred to as cancers.

A

True

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15
Q

What is a common characteristic of malignant neoplasms?

A

They have the ability to invade surrounding tissues.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies neoplasms based on their __________.

A

histological characteristics

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17
Q

What does the term ‘in situ’ mean in relation to neoplasms?

A

It refers to a neoplasm that is localized and has not invaded surrounding tissues.

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18
Q

What is the role of staging in cancer classification?

A

Staging assesses the extent of disease spread and helps guide treatment decisions.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which stage of cancer indicates localized disease? A) Stage I B) Stage II C) Stage III

A

A) Stage I

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20
Q

What are tumor markers?

A

Substances often produced by neoplasms that can be used to help diagnose or monitor the disease.

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21
Q

True or False: All tumor markers are specific to cancer.

A

False

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22
Q

What is the most common method for diagnosing a neoplasm?

A

Biopsy

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: A neoplasm that is composed of mature fat cells is called a __________.

A

lipoma

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24
Q

What type of neoplasm is a melanoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm arising from melanocytes.

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25
True or False: Neoplasms can arise in any tissue of the body.
True
26
What is the term for the study of tumors?
Oncology
27
What is the primary treatment approach for malignant neoplasms?
Surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy.
28
What is a benign neoplasm?
A benign neoplasm is a non-cancerous tumor that does not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize.
29
True or False: Benign neoplasms can become malignant over time.
False
30
Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms are typically ________ in nature.
localized
31
What is the growth rate of benign neoplasms compared to malignant neoplasms?
Benign neoplasms generally have a slower growth rate.
32
Which type of neoplasm is more likely to cause symptoms due to pressure on surrounding structures?
Benign neoplasms
33
What is the common characteristic of benign neoplasms regarding encapsulation?
Benign neoplasms are often well-encapsulated.
34
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a typical feature of benign neoplasms? A) Invasion of surrounding tissues B) Metastasis C) Well-defined borders D) Rapid growth
C) Well-defined borders
35
What are common examples of benign neoplasms?
Examples include lipomas, adenomas, and fibromas.
36
True or False: Benign neoplasms can be life-threatening.
False
37
What type of tissue do benign neoplasms originate from?
Benign neoplasms originate from normal tissues.
38
Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms do not typically ________ into nearby tissues.
invade
39
What is the histological feature of benign neoplasms?
They exhibit a well-differentiated cellular structure.
40
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a feature of benign neoplasms? A) Slow growth B) Encapsulation C) Invasive behavior D) Non-metastatic
C) Invasive behavior
41
What is the typical treatment for benign neoplasms?
Surgical removal is the common treatment.
42
True or False: Benign neoplasms can recur after removal.
True
43
What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms in terms of cellular differentiation?
Benign neoplasms are well-differentiated, whereas malignant neoplasms are poorly differentiated.
44
Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms usually do not lead to ________ in the body.
systemic effects
45
What is the primary concern with benign neoplasms?
Their potential to cause symptoms or complications due to size or location.
46
Multiple choice: Which imaging technique is often used to evaluate benign neoplasms? A) MRI B) PET scan C) X-ray D) All of the above
D) All of the above
47
What is the typical demographic for the occurrence of benign neoplasms?
They can occur in individuals of any age but are more common in middle-aged adults.
48
True or False: Benign neoplasms can sometimes be mistaken for malignant tumors.
True
49
What is a common characteristic of the growth pattern of benign neoplasms?
They tend to grow slowly and remain localized.
50
Fill in the blank: Many benign neoplasms are ________ and do not require treatment unless symptomatic.
asymptomatic
51
What role does genetics play in the formation of benign neoplasms?
Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain benign neoplasms.
52
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a benign neoplasm of adipose tissue? A) Carcinoma B) Lipoma C) Sarcoma D) Melanoma
B) Lipoma
53
What is the prognosis for patients with benign neoplasms?
The prognosis is generally excellent, as they are non-cancerous.
54
What is a malignant neoplasm?
A malignant neoplasm is a type of cancer that has the ability to invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites in the body.
55
True or False: Malignant neoplasms are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth.
True
56
What is the difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?
Benign neoplasms do not invade nearby tissues or metastasize, while malignant neoplasms do.
57
Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms can metastasize to __________.
distant organs
58
Which type of cancer is known for its fast growth and high potential to metastasize?
Sarcoma
59
What are the common features of malignant neoplasms? (List at least three)
Invasion of surrounding tissues, metastasis, and high mitotic index.
60
True or False: All malignant neoplasms are solid tumors.
False
61
What is the term used for the spread of cancer cells to distant areas of the body?
Metastasis
62
Name an example of a malignant neoplasm.
Breast cancer
63
What is the significance of a high mitotic index in malignant neoplasms?
It indicates a higher rate of cell division, which is characteristic of cancerous growth.
64
What is the typical behavior of malignant neoplasms in relation to surrounding tissues?
They invade and destroy surrounding tissues.
65
Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often have __________ nuclei.
enlarged and irregular
66
True or False: Malignant neoplasms usually have well-defined borders.
False
67
What is the role of angiogenesis in malignant neoplasms?
Angiogenesis provides the tumor with a blood supply, facilitating its growth and metastasis.
68
Which type of malignant neoplasm arises from epithelial cells?
Carcinoma
69
Name a common treatment option for malignant neoplasms.
Chemotherapy
70
What is a hallmark characteristic of malignant cells?
Their ability to evade apoptosis (programmed cell death).
71
Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often lead to __________ of the affected organ.
dysfunction
72
True or False: Malignant neoplasms are always associated with pain in the early stages.
False
73
What is the term for the classification of tumors based on their cellular characteristics?
Histopathology
74
What are lymphomas?
Lymphomas are malignant neoplasms that originate from lymphatic tissue.
75
What is the primary difference between carcinomas and sarcomas?
Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissues, while sarcomas arise from connective tissues.
76
Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ in the blood can indicate certain types of malignant neoplasms.
tumor markers
77
How do malignant neoplasms typically affect the immune system?
They can suppress immune responses, allowing the cancer to grow unchecked.
78
What is the significance of staging in malignant neoplasms?
Staging determines the extent of cancer spread and helps guide treatment options.
79
Name a lifestyle factor that can contribute to the development of malignant neoplasms.
Smoking
80
What is a benign neoplasm?
A benign neoplasm is a non-cancerous tumor that does not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body.
81
What characterizes a malignant neoplasm?
A malignant neoplasm is a cancerous tumor that can invade nearby tissues and metastasize to distant organs.
82
True or False: Benign neoplasms can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues.
False
83
Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms are generally __________ than malignant neoplasms.
less aggressive
84
What is the typical growth rate of benign neoplasms?
Benign neoplasms usually grow slowly.
85
What is a common characteristic of malignant neoplasms regarding growth rate?
Malignant neoplasms typically grow rapidly.
86
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant neoplasms? A) Well-defined borders B) Invasive growth C) Encapsulated
B) Invasive growth
87
True or False: Benign neoplasms can recur after removal.
False
88
What is the common term for a malignant neoplasm?
Cancer
89
Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms can __________ to other parts of the body.
metastasize
90
What type of tissue can benign neoplasms arise from?
Any type of tissue, including epithelial and connective tissues.
91
Multiple Choice: Benign neoplasms are typically: A) Non-invasive B) Highly invasive C) Always fatal
A) Non-invasive
92
What type of surgical procedure is often used to remove benign neoplasms?
Excisional surgery
93
True or False: Malignant neoplasms often require chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
True
94
What is the term for the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body?
Metastasis
95
Fill in the blank: Benign neoplasms are usually __________ and do not threaten life.
harmless
96
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of malignant neoplasms? A) Pain B) Infection C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
97
What type of growth pattern do malignant neoplasms exhibit?
Infiltrative growth pattern
98
True or False: Benign neoplasms can become malignant over time.
True
99
What is the histological feature that distinguishes malignant neoplasms?
Poorly differentiated cells
100
Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often show __________ cellular atypia.
increased
101
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of benign neoplasms? A) Encapsulated B) Rapid growth C) Well-defined borders
B) Rapid growth
102
What is the primary treatment goal for malignant neoplasms?
Eradication of cancer
103
True or False: Benign neoplasms can lead to serious health issues if left untreated.
False
104
What is the common procedure to diagnose malignant neoplasms?
Biopsy
105
Fill in the blank: Malignant neoplasms often have __________ cellular architecture.
disordered

Irreversible Cell Injury (31 decks)

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