Intro E2 Ch 6 Flashcards
Adolescent ages
12 to 18 years old
What is adolescence described as in reference to lifespan
Adolescence along with infancy is the second time during a lifespan where growth and development is rapid and diverse
What is the difference between adolescence and puberty
Adolescence: is associated with psychological and maturational changes
Puberty: is associated with physiological changes that transform child to adult
What time in life is defined as “prepubescent “
Ages 10-12
What is the risk that arises during the prepubescent growth spurt
Increased risk especially in females for scoliosis ( spine curvature)
What percentage of adolescence have scoliosis
3%
What can scoliosis cause and displace
Scoliosis can displace internal organs putting pressure on heart and lungs
Must be corrected early
What are secondary sex characteristics definition
Physical changes that occur that prepares the body for reproduction
Female secondary sex characteristics
Developing breast Buds/ fully developed
growth of pubic and under arm hair
widening of pelvis
Male secondary sex characteristics
Deepening of the voice
Growth of facial, pubic, and under arm hair
Elongation of penis and testes
What event indicates the completion of puberty in females and what does it mean
The first mensies (menarche)
Puberty = physically capable of producing off spring
What event indicates the completion of puberty in males and what does it mean
The first ejaculation (wet dream) not sexually related
Puberty = physically capable of producing off spring and fathering a child
What drives physiological changes
Indicate specifics for male and female
Hormones drive physiological changes of puberty and maturation of sex organs for repro
Male: testosterone
Female: estrogen
What do hormonal changes affect
Increase perspiration
Contribute to development of acne: not related to food consumption but pores
When do individuals feel attraction and to who
Individuals feel attraction during adolescence to those of the same sex or opposite sex
What happens when adolescents start “hanging out” and dating
They develop communication and interpersonal skills in a healthy way
What is most important to discuss when adolescents start engaging in physical intimacy
Self-esteem, self-respect and respect romantic and sexual partners, protection, consent and responsible sexual activity in which both physical (I.e : STI / pregnancy) or psychological health (how to contact healthy relationships and how to recognize unhealthy relationships) is protected
Who should discuss what strategies about sexual relationships with adolescents and parents, educations and health care professionals should discuss,
how to set clear boundaries and expectations about their bodies and emotions
What country has the highest birth rates
The US but it’s going down
What are children born to teens at higher risk for
Low birthweight, prematurity, and child abuse
What’s are teenage mothers at higher risk for
Pregnancy induced hypertension
Is body image still important to teenagers? what happens if they are dissatisfied with their body and examples
Yes, if dissatisfied they exhibit physiologically negative responses
(I.E: body dysmorphia: distorted perception of body may drive them to unhealthy action such as eating disorders)
Why is it important for adolescence to develop healthy realistic view and accepting of their bodies
Otherwise they develop negative perceptions of body image
Name the most common eating disorders in females
Bulimia: binging and purging
Anorexia nervosa: eating very little or refusing to eat
Binge eating: periods of uncontrollable eating
Bulimia and damage
Binging and purging
Damaged esophagus/ oral lining and enamel erosion because of acidity 
Anorexia nervosa
Eating very little or refusing to eat
Binge eating
Periods of uncontrollable eating
What is body dysmorphia’s are more commonly seen in males and define
Exercise-based body dysmorphia: exercise excessively and may resort to using steroids or substances to boost performance
Negative effects of Exercise based body dysmorphia
Stunted growth
cardiovascular and renal issues
male impotence
Physiological damage
What are an adolescent nutritional needs
Optimal nutrition is they are often deficient
Optimal sleeping required by teens
Required up to 10 hours of sleep each night
Adolescent psychosocial task
Age 12 to 18

Identity V role confusion
Social relationships/identity
Who am I where am I going?
Developing sense of self and personal identity
Success: staying true to self
Failure: Lost in role confusion with a weak sense of self
How is identity achieved
When an individual recognizes their uniqueness and has high self esteem /confidence
How was role confusion reached
When an individual is discontent in life , lacks direction
What may role confusion lead to
Depression and self-destructive behaviors
What is the leading cause of adolescence those 15 to 19 years old
 accidents, suicide, homicides
Define peer acceptance and it’s importance
Teenagers wanting to be excepted by their peers who they are important for reaching identity
What are adolescents influenced by and the 2 types
Influenced by peer pressure
+: doing good deeds and excelling in school
-: engaging in breaking rules, substance abuse, causing mischief
Cognition status of Adolescence
Formal operations: now possess more fluid intelligence (think quick on feet) beginning to think abstractly about the future
Morality status of an adolescents
Postconventional morality social systems conformity
Defined the social systems morality
Thinking through rationales behind rules and testing them
Care for others and volunteer
What is discipline a teenager like
Is a fine balance between being strict enough to provide clear guidelines/rules with consequences as well as allowing them freedom to make their own decisions and live through positive and negative consequences
What must be set for adolescents
Clear expectations before they break rules and should be followed through
What do teenagers question/ test and why
Teenagers question test rules as a part of achieving identity
Define fable of immunity
False sense of immunity from bad effects thinking that they won’t happen to them
