Intro E2 ch 4 Flashcards
Pre school ages
3-5 years old
What is a growth rate of a preschooler
What do their limb and trunk proportions look like
Growing more slowly now
Bodies limbs and trunks are more proportional they look like small adults
Weight and height statistics for preschooler
Weight: gain only about 5 pounds per
year
Height: grow 2.5 to 3 inches per year
What are preschoolers in relation to self care
Preschoolers are more coordinated
Can now dress/ feed themselves and toilet
Preschooler gross motor milestones
Ride a tricycle, skip, throw ball and balance on 1 foot
Preschooler Fine motor milestones
They can print their name, draw pictures and color within the lines
What does the language of a preschooler look like along with vocabulary
Preschoolers can express himself through language and have an explosion in vocabulary
300(toddler) to 3000 (preschooler) words
How do preschoolers tell stories
Preschoolers often tell stories in sequence love to say “ and then… And then… And then…”
What does play look like for a preschooler
Plays now interactive they know enjoy playing with other children instead of parallel like toddlers
What does a preschoolers nutrition look like
Require less calories than before because of slow for growth rates and nutrition MUST be well balanced
1200- 1600 calories / day
Dentition for preschoolers: #, Maintenance , check ups
Have full sets of 28 PRIMARY teeth
Must maintain tooth care: need to brush and floss daily
--— these teeth preserve route bed and hold space for secondary teeth
Must see dentist at least twice per year
Sleep requirements for preschoolers
Sleep 9 to 11 hours with the occasional nap
By five no nap is required
What is a major concern during preschool years and why
( imitation)
Safety; preschoolers don’t have the judgment to always make the best choices
Strongly inclined to imitate adults doing things they see their parents doing
(Lighters, matches, poisonings) 
What is the number one cause of death in preschoolers
MVC
Still need to be restrained in car forward facing seats
Give examples of outdoor safety requirements
Must be supervised closely when swimming (can easily drown)
Wear helmet and kneepads when riding bike
Because of imitation And preschoolers wanting to imitate adults what should be kept out of reach
Medication, cleaning supplies, weapons matches, and choking hazards should be kept away and out of reach at all times
Be mindful they can pull pot handles with hot contents and burn themselves
What are preschoolers vulnerable to in reference to strangers
What’s should they tell parents
Preschoolers vulnerable to kindness and lure predators
Teach stranger danger knowing who they can speak to and where as well has what appropriate touch is
Secrets should never be kept from parent
Describe characteristics of preschooler play
Very organized creative and spontaneous
Play with roles and outcomes: they like to imitate adults wearing their clothes playing cops and robbers remind me and baby
What do preschoolers love in reference to play
They love art, music singing, dancing and creative things
What is the outcome of a preschooler mixing fantasy with reality and having vivid imagination
Especially only children, they make imaginary friends that they play with
THIS IS NORMAL
What is most important when playing a game to a preschooler
Simply playing the game is most important, they don’t care so much about winning or losing theyre just happy to be involved
In relation to their creativity what should be done
Parent educators and nurses should allow preschoolers to express themselves and not stifle creativity
Preschoolers psychosocial task
Age 3 to 5
Task: initiative versus guilt

exploration/play
Question: and I good or bad
Outcome: need to gain power and control over environment
Success: can a sense of purpose
Failure: overexerting power leading to disapproval leading to guilt

What are details under initiative the guilt that preschoolers continue to become
Preschoolers continue to become more independent take pride in dressing themselves and doing chores
What is an important for parents not to get when children are clumsy doing chores
Parents should not get upset when children are trying to learn new skills but encourage them to build self-confidence
How do preschoolers achieve initiative
They thrive on adult encouragement, want to help adults do things, love to show off talents until stories need to be reassured that it’s OK to ask for help and parents must be willing to help and encourage them
How is guilt achieved
Guilt is achieved when preschoolers are ridiculed criticized and they become hesitant to try new things out of fear of being made to feel bad
Defined the Oedipal complex
A phenomenon by Sigmund Freud that occurs when a child aligns with a same-sex parents and compete for attention and affection of the opposite parent
When does the oedipus
complex go away
By the time child enter school
Preschooler cognition stage
Preschoolers are at the intuitive stage where they have memory and are starting to really solve problems without trial and error
What is a preschoolers thinking
Just like toddler they have centered thinking but in this case a boy can only be a boy
What is one characteristic to preschooler thinking after centered thinking
They think in absolutes
Girls can only have long hair while boys can only have short hair
Define preschooler reasoning/thinking
They have transductive reasoning/thinking (general to general)
: A flower can only be a flower not a plant or a rose
What is one specifics quality preschoolers contain in relation to objects
They have animism meaning they think inanimate objects have a soul (plants, teddy bears)
What is another very unique quality preschoolers possess in reference to thinking
They have magical thinking which makes them believe their thoughts can influence the world around them
(Wishing brother would disappear, brother gets Ill, they think they caused it)
What are preschooler fears related to
They are beginning to understand cause-and-effect so they fear running into the street they could get hit by car
What do preschoolers not understand in reference to being hurt
They know something can hurt them but they don’t know how or why
Define a preschoolers installment of certain fears
Preschoolers develop fears that may become unwarranted persisting into adulthood and manifest through bedwetting nightmares or sleepwalking
(I.e: fear of dog after getting bit)
What is the language and vocabulary of a preschooler look like
They have a vocabulary explosion from 300 words to 3000 words
Can Now speak in complete sentences using correct tenses and prepositions
Can tell a story in sequence
Can now describe objects
What is Kohlberg’s morality stage for preschoolers
Instrumental purpose in exchange: they do a good deed to receive praise or reward in return
The value approval and praise of parents they want to impress
Through their morality what are they beginning to learn
They are being to learn how others feel and now begin and want to share
What are preschool challenges in reference to other siblings
Sibling rivalry‘s experience jealousy if attention is on another sibling
(I.e: newborn)
What is a parents job to correct sibling rivalry
Parents are test with giving preschooler attention and letting them take part in caring for a new sibling displaying their importance in the role of being a big brother
What is important to ensure the preschooler does not feel forgotten
It’s important to spend one on one time with a preschooler to avoid feeling forgotten and still loved
In relation to safety what is a parent most important job and to reduce the risk of what
For safety parents must be role models in a positive manner reducing risk of injuries like MVC‘s and illnesses by getting screened
Why are hearing and vision screenings at preschooler times important
Early intervention‘s can prevent delays in learning
What can hospitalizations lead to in a preschooler
Hospitalizations are traumatic and can lead to isolation and regression
it’s important to maintain daily routines and stay with child
