Intro Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three goals of nursing

A

Health promotion: teaching

health Maintenance: maintaining chronic illness and help managing

health Restoration: get better; Ill to well

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2
Q

What must one do to stay healthy

A
Eat healthy foods 
keep appropriate weight
Exercise
sleep well 
stay safe 
manage stress well
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3
Q

What are five major healthy lifestyle behaviors addressed in health promotion

A
Optimal nutrition 
optimal exercise
 optimal sleep 
safety 
stress management
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4
Q

What is obesity

A

A killer

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5
Q

What does optimal exercise promote

A
Improved heart function
 circulation
 flexibility 
lung function 
metabolic function
Optimal weight
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6
Q

What are the two most important types of exercises

A

Aerobic: great for heart and lungs increases air exchange
—- basketball, soccer, running

Anerobic: strength training
—- weightlifting baseball tennis

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7
Q

How often should you exercise

A

3 to 5 times a week for 20 to 30 minutes a day and hydrate to prevent cramps

Moderate intensity

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8
Q

What is leisure time

A

Downtime to regroup and recharge

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9
Q

What is optimal sleep a key to

A

Restore balance

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10
Q

What are the two process model of sleep

A

Sleep wake balance

Circadian rhythm of sleep wake arousal
—-24 hour internal clock in the hypothalamus

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11
Q

What factors affect our sleep

A

Psychological
—-Stress, excitement, worry

physical
—-pain, too much light in the room, room too hot to cold, eating or drinking too close to bedtime

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12
Q

Define sleep deprivation

A

Going 24 hours or longer without sleep

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13
Q

How does chronic sleep deprivation affect the body

A

In the same way acute sleep deprivation would affect the body

Drowsiness 
mood swings
 anxiety depression 
decrease motor cognitive performance 
impaired memory
 poor decision making
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14
Q

Physical consequences of sleep deprivation

A
Weight gain
risk of diabetes
 risk of cancers 
impaired immune response 
increased cardiovascular issues
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15
Q

What is insomnia

A

Difficulty falling asleep staying asleep and waking up too early

Can be temporary or lifelong

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16
Q

Who does insomnia affect

A

Mostly WOMEN, and those over 65

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17
Q

Sleep related breathing disorders

Define Hypersomnia’s and name the 3 different types

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

  • Narcolepsy: sleep attacks
  • Cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle tone person crumbles
  • Idiopathic insomnia: daytime sleepiness with no cause
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18
Q

List types of Parasomnias

A

Like paranormal horror movie issues

  • sleepwalking
  • Sleep eating
  • sleep terrors
  • Sleep groaning
  • nightmares
  • bedwetting
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19
Q

What is a sleep related movement disorder

A

Restless leg syndrome may be painful

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20
Q

Dos sleep hygiene

A
Develop sleeping schedule
Get regular exercise
 keep your room cool 
keep room quiet and dark
Limit daytime naps
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21
Q

Don’t sleep hygiene

A

Have A TV in the bedroom
Use blue light
Do vigorous exercise before sleep
Go to bed hungry or full

22
Q

Can you avoid stress

A

No but you can control your reaction to stressors

23
Q

Common stressors

A
Birth 
death 
marriage 
divorce 
buying a house 
Starting a new career
being ill
24
Q

General adaptation syndrome

Facts and stages

A

Developed by hans selye

When stressed body goes through 3 stages

  1. Alarm
  2. Adapt
  3. exhaust

Stress affects the:
autonomic nervous system
—- sympathetic (fast): parasympathetic (slow)
endocrine system
—- pituitary doesn’t release hormones
immune system
—- decreases with stress (especially stage 1)

25
Q

Stage 1 ALARM

A

Fight or flight

Adrenaline rush sympathetic ns

26
Q

Stage 2 ADAPTATION

A

Pituitary gland stop screen hormones in person adapts

27
Q

Stage 3 EXHAUSTION

A

All efforts have been ineffective

28
Q

To deal with stressors homeless person relax

A
Biofeedback
Breathing techniques 
meditation 
massage 
music
29
Q

Coping with Grief or loss what things make us cope

A

A loss

a diagnosis of chronic or terminal illness

loss of a job

30
Q

Identify five stages of grief

A
  1. Denial; person is shocked about news
  2. Anger
  3. Bargaining; done with higher power bring back loss in exchange for us doing something better
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
31
Q

Typical grief time

A

One year, a person may revisit any stage at any point

32
Q

As nurses what must you do to gain a patient trust

A

Be a role model talk to talk walk the walk

33
Q

Values clarification definition

A

Assisting another to clarify his or her own values to facilitate decision-making

•Choosing

•Prizing: internalizing and being happy about choice
—- self motivation comes into play

•Acting: doing something because we believe care and want it

First step in values clarification is serf-awareness

34
Q

Therapeutic communication

A

Speak to patient with a purpose by creating a safe environment and gaining trust

Create a judgment free zone by establishing rapport : level of comfort and trust and correcting body language

Appropriate use of space 2 to 4 feet

Actively listen: Focus on what is being said not what you intend to say

Use humor to break the ice

Use silence to allow processing of thoughts

Being flexible to what is being said rather than blocking a patient out

35
Q

Special positive therapeutic communication nursing techniques

A

Focus

Clarify messages are sent and received
— restating, validating

Constructive confrontation: open ended questions that allow for elaboration

Reflection: state what the person is feeling

Empathy: putting yourself in someone else’s shoes to try and understand

36
Q

Barriers to therapeutic communication

A
  • anxiety
  • negative attitudes
  • gaps of age or culture
  • resistance blocking: not being open to patient and disregarding what they have to say
  • Transference: transferring personality to patient
  • counter transference: transferring personality to yourself
  • sympathy: feeling pity or sorrow for someone
37
Q

What is health literacy

A

The learners extensive knowledge about health and health concerns

38
Q

Most effective teaching methods

A

Reinforcing information
incorporation of hands-on interactive activities
making the learner an active part of the teaching process

39
Q

What is the worst teaching method

A

Straight lecture

40
Q

Three domains of learning

A

Cognitive
affective
Psychomotor

Best if used simultaneously

41
Q

Cognitive learning

A

Knowledge of the information

42
Q

Affective learning

A

Emotional and motivational domain

43
Q

Psycho motor

A

Hands-on domain

44
Q

T/F humans usually like change

A

F

45
Q

Facts about change

A

It is a gradual process
patients pass-through stages
relapses are expected

46
Q

Health belief model

A

Explains why people are reluctant to make health changes

change over time is linear step-by-step

47
Q

What interacting beliefs influence the health belief model

A

Susceptibility: How vulnerable the patient thinks they are

Severity:Patients understanding of health consequences

Efficacy: will their efforts be worthwhile

Barriers: financial, inconvenient no time

Self efficacy: belief that the change will produce desired results

48
Q

Trans theoretical change model

A
Precontemplation  
—- not thinking about change 
—- in denial
Contemplation 
—- weighing options of changing
preparation 
—- getting ready to make a change sampling healthy foods
action 
—-Trying but not fully committed
maintenance 
—- change has now been incorporated into daily life
relapse
—- Slipups normal and expected
49
Q

Reversal theory

A

Belief that there are opposite or competing emotional states that might require reversal to make needed changes

50
Q

Motivational states of reversal theory

A

Telic ( future oriented)
Paratelic (immediate enjoyment)

Conformist (rule follower)
Negativistic (independent)

Autic (individualism)
alloic ( assimilate to others)

Mastery (getting or giving)
Sympathetic (being liked or loved)

51
Q

Who does obstructive sleep apnea most affect

A

Middle aged men and post menopausal women with a BMI over 30

52
Q

How is obstructive sleep apnea characterized

A

Obstructive air flow of 90% for 10 seconds