Intro Chapter 7 Flashcards
What are the three goals of nursing
Health promotion: teaching
health Maintenance: maintaining chronic illness and help managing
health Restoration: get better; Ill to well
What must one do to stay healthy
Eat healthy foods keep appropriate weight Exercise sleep well stay safe manage stress well
What are five major healthy lifestyle behaviors addressed in health promotion
Optimal nutrition optimal exercise optimal sleep safety stress management
What is obesity
A killer
What does optimal exercise promote
Improved heart function circulation flexibility lung function metabolic function Optimal weight
What are the two most important types of exercises
Aerobic: great for heart and lungs increases air exchange
—- basketball, soccer, running
Anerobic: strength training
—- weightlifting baseball tennis
How often should you exercise
3 to 5 times a week for 20 to 30 minutes a day and hydrate to prevent cramps
Moderate intensity
What is leisure time
Downtime to regroup and recharge
What is optimal sleep a key to
Restore balance
What are the two process model of sleep
Sleep wake balance
Circadian rhythm of sleep wake arousal
—-24 hour internal clock in the hypothalamus
What factors affect our sleep
Psychological
—-Stress, excitement, worry
physical
—-pain, too much light in the room, room too hot to cold, eating or drinking too close to bedtime
Define sleep deprivation
Going 24 hours or longer without sleep
How does chronic sleep deprivation affect the body
In the same way acute sleep deprivation would affect the body
Drowsiness mood swings anxiety depression decrease motor cognitive performance impaired memory poor decision making
Physical consequences of sleep deprivation
Weight gain risk of diabetes risk of cancers impaired immune response increased cardiovascular issues
What is insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep staying asleep and waking up too early
Can be temporary or lifelong
Who does insomnia affect
Mostly WOMEN, and those over 65
Sleep related breathing disorders
Define Hypersomnia’s and name the 3 different types
Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Narcolepsy: sleep attacks
- Cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle tone person crumbles
- Idiopathic insomnia: daytime sleepiness with no cause
List types of Parasomnias
Like paranormal horror movie issues
- sleepwalking
- Sleep eating
- sleep terrors
- Sleep groaning
- nightmares
- bedwetting
What is a sleep related movement disorder
Restless leg syndrome may be painful
Dos sleep hygiene
Develop sleeping schedule Get regular exercise keep your room cool keep room quiet and dark Limit daytime naps
Don’t sleep hygiene
Have A TV in the bedroom
Use blue light
Do vigorous exercise before sleep
Go to bed hungry or full
Can you avoid stress
No but you can control your reaction to stressors
Common stressors
Birth death marriage divorce buying a house Starting a new career being ill
General adaptation syndrome
Facts and stages
Developed by hans selye
When stressed body goes through 3 stages
- Alarm
- Adapt
- exhaust
Stress affects the:
autonomic nervous system
—- sympathetic (fast): parasympathetic (slow)
endocrine system
—- pituitary doesn’t release hormones
immune system
—- decreases with stress (especially stage 1)
Stage 1 ALARM
Fight or flight
Adrenaline rush sympathetic ns
Stage 2 ADAPTATION
Pituitary gland stop screen hormones in person adapts
Stage 3 EXHAUSTION
All efforts have been ineffective
To deal with stressors homeless person relax
Biofeedback Breathing techniques meditation massage music
Coping with Grief or loss what things make us cope
A loss
a diagnosis of chronic or terminal illness
loss of a job
Identify five stages of grief
- Denial; person is shocked about news
- Anger
- Bargaining; done with higher power bring back loss in exchange for us doing something better
- Depression
- Acceptance
Typical grief time
One year, a person may revisit any stage at any point
As nurses what must you do to gain a patient trust
Be a role model talk to talk walk the walk
Values clarification definition
Assisting another to clarify his or her own values to facilitate decision-making
•Choosing
•Prizing: internalizing and being happy about choice
—- self motivation comes into play
•Acting: doing something because we believe care and want it
First step in values clarification is serf-awareness
Therapeutic communication
Speak to patient with a purpose by creating a safe environment and gaining trust
Create a judgment free zone by establishing rapport : level of comfort and trust and correcting body language
Appropriate use of space 2 to 4 feet
Actively listen: Focus on what is being said not what you intend to say
Use humor to break the ice
Use silence to allow processing of thoughts
Being flexible to what is being said rather than blocking a patient out
Special positive therapeutic communication nursing techniques
Focus
Clarify messages are sent and received
— restating, validating
Constructive confrontation: open ended questions that allow for elaboration
Reflection: state what the person is feeling
Empathy: putting yourself in someone else’s shoes to try and understand
Barriers to therapeutic communication
- anxiety
- negative attitudes
- gaps of age or culture
- resistance blocking: not being open to patient and disregarding what they have to say
- Transference: transferring personality to patient
- counter transference: transferring personality to yourself
- sympathy: feeling pity or sorrow for someone
What is health literacy
The learners extensive knowledge about health and health concerns
Most effective teaching methods
Reinforcing information
incorporation of hands-on interactive activities
making the learner an active part of the teaching process
What is the worst teaching method
Straight lecture
Three domains of learning
Cognitive
affective
Psychomotor
Best if used simultaneously
Cognitive learning
Knowledge of the information
Affective learning
Emotional and motivational domain
Psycho motor
Hands-on domain
T/F humans usually like change
F
Facts about change
It is a gradual process
patients pass-through stages
relapses are expected
Health belief model
Explains why people are reluctant to make health changes
change over time is linear step-by-step
What interacting beliefs influence the health belief model
Susceptibility: How vulnerable the patient thinks they are
Severity:Patients understanding of health consequences
Efficacy: will their efforts be worthwhile
Barriers: financial, inconvenient no time
Self efficacy: belief that the change will produce desired results
Trans theoretical change model
Precontemplation —- not thinking about change —- in denial Contemplation —- weighing options of changing preparation —- getting ready to make a change sampling healthy foods action —-Trying but not fully committed maintenance —- change has now been incorporated into daily life relapse —- Slipups normal and expected
Reversal theory
Belief that there are opposite or competing emotional states that might require reversal to make needed changes
Motivational states of reversal theory
Telic ( future oriented)
Paratelic (immediate enjoyment)
Conformist (rule follower)
Negativistic (independent)
Autic (individualism)
alloic ( assimilate to others)
Mastery (getting or giving)
Sympathetic (being liked or loved)
Who does obstructive sleep apnea most affect
Middle aged men and post menopausal women with a BMI over 30
How is obstructive sleep apnea characterized
Obstructive air flow of 90% for 10 seconds
