Intro E2 Ch 1

Question 1

What do nurses prioritize their actions on

Answer 1

Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs

Question 2

What needs must nurses Take care of first

Answer 2

Physiological needs (like breathing you can do nothing else if you cannot breathe)

food
water
Sex
Sleep
Homeostasis 
Excretion

Question 3

Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs priorities ( listed most to last)

Answer 3

Physiological 
safety
 love/belonging
 self-esteem 
self actualization

Question 4

What is growth and development evident in

Answer 4

Behaviors, every behavior is directional and purposeful for a reason

Question 5

What is the greatest principle of human behavior

Answer 5

That it is reflective of progressive differentiation and autonomy meaning the more we interact with others the more unique we become

Question 6

What’s another way to look at progressive differentiation and autonomy

Answer 6

We need to understand others to understand ourselves and vice versa

Question 7

How are growth and development related

Answer 7

They are interdependent

Question 8

Define growth

Answer 8

Having a strong genetic component (nature)

Question 9

Define development

Answer 9

Is influenced by external forces (nurture)

Question 10

Define susceptibility

Answer 10

Related to the notion of risk, by virtue of your genetic make up, and individuals more vulnerable to environmental exposure.

Particular genetic makeup might be more or less affected by environmental trigger

Question 11

Define exposure

Answer 11

A condition of displaying, revealing, exhibiting, or making accessible.

Proximity or close contact with a source of disease in a manner that effective transmission may occur

Question 12

What must we keep in mind in relation to exposure and susceptibility

Answer 12

We can change (exposure) and the things we cannot (susceptibility based on genes) and how they interact to affect our health

Just because susceptibility, doesn’t mean doom. Control of exposure is possible

Question 13

Characteristics of growth

Answer 13

Increase in size or number

Cephalocaudal: (head and down like fetus) LAST IS TOES !

Proximodistal: (near to far)
I.e: MIDLINE TO EXTREMITIES

Symmetrical: balanced

Sequential: cannot be undone

Asynchronous: not all parts of the body grow at the same rate
I.e: teen feet grow big before long legs

Question 14

Define cephalocaudal

Answer 14

From head and proceeds down like fetus LAST IS TOES

Question 15

Define proximodistal

Answer 15

From midline to the extremities

Question 16

Define symmetrical

Answer 16

Is balanced

Question 17

Define sequential

Answer 17

It cannot be undone we cannot “ungrow”

Question 18

Define asynchronous

Answer 18

Not all parts of the body grow at the same rate

Question 19

Characteristics of development

Answer 19

Increase in complexity/maturation

General to specific: large muscles before small muscles

Simple to complex: standing before walking walking before running

Question 20

Name the developmental theorist and theory

Answer 20

Erik Erikson – psychosocial
Jean Piaget – cognitive
Lawrence Kohlberg – morality

Question 21

What do the developmental theories help us understand and do

Answer 21

Where a person is at in physiological, cognitive, and moral development

Helps guide communication with them and determine effective interventions

Question 22

Who influenced Erik Erikson and what was their Theory

Answer 22

Sigmund Freud

Develop the psychosexual theory of identity, ego, super ego

Question 23

What was Ericksons focus in relation to personalities

Answer 23

How personalities develop, posited that this development is shaped by social interactions

Question 24

What was Ericksons theory in detail and what did it consist of

Answer 24

Ericksons theory was one of stages that consisted of crisises that must be resolved or tasks that must be accomplished in order to advance to the next stage within a certain age group

Stated it’s possible some people never accomplished a stage as they got older

Question 25

Infancy

Answer 25

Age: 0-18 months Conflict: Trust v mistrust Important event: Feeding/ comfort Key question to answer: Is my world safe Outcome: children developing a sense of trust when caregiver is reliable caring and affectionate. Lacking will = mistrust

Question 26

Early childhood

Answer 26

Age: 2 to 3 Conflict: autonomy versus shame and doubt Important events: Toilet training/dressing Key question to answer: can I do things by myself or do I have to always rely on others Outcome: children developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence failure = shame and doubt

Question 27

Preschool

Answer 27

Age: 3 to 5 Conflict: Initiative versus guilt Important events: Exploration/play Key question to answer: Am I good or bad Outcome: children need to begin asserting control and power over environment •success leads to sense of purpose • if exerting too much power = disapproval, resulting in sense of guilt

Question 28

School age

Answer 28

Age: 6 to 11 Conflict: Industry V inferiority Important events: School/activities Key question to answer: How can I be good Outcome: children need to cope with new social and academic demands • success: sense of competence • failure: feeling of inferiority

Question 29

Adolescence

Answer 29

Age: 12 to 18 Conflict: identity V role confusion Important events: Social relationships/identity Key question to answer: Who am I and where am I going Outcome: things need to develop a sense of self and personal identity •success: Ability to stay true to yourself • failure: role confusion and weak sense of self

Question 30

Young adult

Answer 30

Age: 18 to 35 Conflict: intimacy versus isolation Important events: Intimate relationships Key question to answer: Am I loved and wanted Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate loving relationships with others • success: strong relationships • failure: loneliness and isolation

Question 31

Middle age

Answer 31

Age: 35 to 65 Conflict: Generativity versus stagnation Important events: Work and parenthood Key question to answer: Will I provide some thing of real value Outcome: adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them by having children or creating positive change that benefits others • success: feeling useful and accomplished • failure: shallow involvement in the world

Question 32

Older adult

Answer 32

Age: 65+ Conflict: Ego identity V despair Important events: Reflection on life Key question to answer: have I lived a full life Outcome: need to look back on life and feel sense of a fulfillment • success: feeling of wisdom • Failure: results in regret bitterness and despair

Question 33

Jean Piaget and his theory

Answer 33

Theory of cognition: describes how we come to know things, how we learn dependent on brain development and capacity for new information

Question 34

How was his theory developed

Answer 34

From observations of children of different ages making the same mistakes

Question 35

Birth to two years old (cognitive)

Answer 35

Sensory motor: using senses and motor skills items known by use Object permanence learned 

Question 36

2 to 7 years old

Answer 36

Pre-operational: symbolic thinking,language used, egocentric thinking Imagination/experience grow, child decenters

Question 37

7 to 11 years old

Answer 37

Concrete operational: logic applying, has objective/rational interpretations Conservation, numbers, ideas, classifications

Question 38

12 to adulthood

Answer 38

Formal operational: thinks abstractly, hypothetical ideas (broader issues) Ethics, politics, social/moral issues explored

Question 39

Lawrence Kohlberg and his theory

Answer 39

Theory of morality Infants do not have the ability to know what is right or wrong classified as amoral 

Question 40

Under Kohlberg what did Gilligan find out about females

Answer 40

Study females are more caring and relationship focused than males who are justice focused

Question 41

First stage of morality

Answer 41

amoral : Infants “if it feels good do it” do not have ability to know what is right or wrong

Question 42

Preconventional

Answer 42

1. Punishment and obedience : behaving only to avoid consequence of punishment 2. Instrumental purpose and exchange : performing good acts to receive praise or reward

Question 43

Conventional stage of morality

Answer 43

1. Golden rule “ do onto others as you would have them to onto you” Strictly follow rules 2. Social system conformity : fitting in

Question 44

Post conceptual morality

Answer 44

Doing the right thing for the right reason 1. Social contract and utility 2. Universal ethical principles

Question 45

Piaget cognition 4 process

Answer 45

Assimilation, accommodation, disequilibrium, equilibrium

Question 46

PJs definition of schema

Answer 46

Unit of knowledge, a building block of knowledge