Intro

Question 1

3 most common micronutrient deficiencies in children

Answer 1

1. iron
2. zinc
3. vitamin A

Question 2

3 most common micronutrient deficiencies in non-pregnant women

Answer 2

1. iron
2. zinc
3. folate

Question 3

vitamins are __ compounds that are essential for life in __ amounts

Answer 3

vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for life in trace amounts

Question 4

unlike macronutrieints, vitamins are NOT used for __ or __

Answer 4

unlike macronutrieints, vitamins are NOT used for energy production or structural purposes

Question 5

vitamins are NOT catabolized to __ and __

Answer 5

vitamins are NOT catabolized to CO2 and H2O

Question 6

unlike minerals (which are also required in small amounts), vitamins have __ nature

Answer 6

unlike minerals (which are also required in small amounts), vitamins have organic nature

Question 7

vitamins were initially recognized as factors necessary to __

Answer 7

vitamins were initially recognized as factors necessary to prevent disease

Question 8

early 1900s: vitamins can be extracted by either:

Answer 8

1. solvents (fat-soluble)
2. water (water soluble)

Question 9

most vitamins are not ___ and differ in their __

Answer 9

most vitamins are not related chemically and differ in their biochemical/physiological roles

Question 10

2 classes of vitamins

Answer 10

1. water-soluble vitamins
2. fat-soluble vitamins

Question 11

structure of fat-soluble vitamins (2) + what it requires

Answer 11

1. hydrocarbon chains (makes them soluble in organic solvents)
2. polar moieties localized to one part of structure
3. requires a protein for transport through circulation

Question 12

structure of water-soluble vitamins

Answer 12

1. polar and charged moieties throughout
2. ionizable substituents (acid and amine groups)

Question 13

low fat diet (<10%) causes

Answer 13

deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins

Question 14

fat-soluble vitamins transport (4)

Answer 14

1. require dietary lipids for absorption
2. require binding proteins for transport bc difficult transit of aqueous environments
3. easy, passive transport across membranes
4. large amounts can be stored in liver and adipose tissue

Question 15

fat soluble vitamins require __ for absorption

fat soluble vitamins functions

Answer 15

fat soluble vitamins require dietary lipids for absorption

Question 16

fat soluble vitamins require ___ for transport and crossing bc difficult transit of __ environments

Answer 16

fat soluble vitamins require binding proteins for transport and crossing bc difficult transit of aqueous environments

Question 17

fat soluble vitamins have easy __ transport across membranes

Answer 17

fat soluble vitamins have easy passive transport across membranes

Question 18

large amounts of fat soluble vitamins can be stored in __ and __

Answer 18

large amounts of fat soluble vitamins can be stored in liver and adipose tissue