FINAL: fluoride

Question 1

is fluoride essential?

Answer 1

no, but it is beneficial

Question 2

main source of fluoride

Answer 2

water and dental products

Question 3

all dietary sources of fluoride

Answer 3

water
juice
fish
chicken

Question 4

99% of fluoride in the body is found in __ and __

Answer 4

99% of fluoride in the body is found in skeleton and teeth

Question 5

unique fluoride chemistry

Answer 5

fluoride has a high affinity for di and trivalent cations (Ca, Mg, Al)

Question 6

amount of fluoride in foods depends on

Answer 6

fluoride concentration in cooking water

Question 7

__% absorption of fluoride

Answer 7

90% absorption of fluoride

Question 8

only 50-70% of fluoride is absorbed when

Answer 8

in the presence of Ca2+ or other cations

Question 9

40% of fluoride is absorbed in __
60% is absorbed in __

Answer 9

40% of fluoride is absorbed in stomach
60% is absorbed in upper intestine

Question 10

50% of absorbed fluoride goes to __, the rest is __

Answer 10

50% of absorbed fluoride goes to calcified tissue, the rest is excreted in urine

Question 11

most fluoride is excreted via __
5-10% excreted via __
some of the rest excreted in __

Answer 11

most fluoride is excreted via kidneys
5-10% excreted via feces
some of the rest excreted in sweat

Question 12

fluoride absorption is affected by conditions that affect __

Answer 12

fluoride absorption is affected by conditions that affect urinary pH

Question 13

conditions that affect urinary pH

Answer 13

diabetes
renal acidosis
acidifying drugs
diet

Question 14

fluoride in the skeleton, why is it beneficial?

Answer 14

replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite in teeth and bones makes them more resistant to acid and basteria

Question 15

replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite lessesns __

Answer 15

replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite lessesns bone resorption

Question 16

there is a rapidly exchangeable F- pool found __

Answer 16

there is a rapidly exchangeable F- pool found in the surface of bone crystal

Question 17

when F- replaces OH-, hydroxyapatite becomes

Answer 17

hydroxifluorapatite

Question 18

main minerals in toorth enamel and dentin are __ and __

Answer 18

main minerals in toorth enamel and dentin are hydroxyapatite and hydroxifluorapatite

Question 19

dental caries are produced by

Answer 19

acid degradation of Ca2+ salts by bacteria

Question 20

people who grew up with fluoridated water have 40-60% less __

Answer 20

people who grew up with fluoridated water have 40-60% less dental caries

Question 21

F- prevents dental caries by:
1. increasing __ of enamel to acid attack
2. promote __ of lesions
3. decreases __ production by bacteria

Answer 21

F- prevents dental caries by:
1. increasing resistance of enamel to acid attack
2. promote re-mineralization of lesions
3. decreases acid production by bacteria

Question 22

what is the one risk of excess F-?

Answer 22

mottled enamel (yellow teeth)

Question 23

despite popular belief, F- does not cause:

Answer 23

1. bone cancer
2. bone fractures
3. enamel fluorosis
4. skeletal fluorosis