FINAL: fluoride Flashcards
is fluoride essential?
no, but it is beneficial
main source of fluoride
water and dental products
all dietary sources of fluoride
water
juice
fish
chicken
99% of fluoride in the body is found in __ and __
99% of fluoride in the body is found in skeleton and teeth
unique fluoride chemistry
fluoride has a high affinity for di and trivalent cations (Ca, Mg, Al)
amount of fluoride in foods depends on
fluoride concentration in cooking water
__% absorption of fluoride
90% absorption of fluoride
only 50-70% of fluoride is absorbed when
in the presence of Ca2+ or other cations
40% of fluoride is absorbed in __
60% is absorbed in __
40% of fluoride is absorbed in stomach
60% is absorbed in upper intestine
50% of absorbed fluoride goes to __, the rest is __
50% of absorbed fluoride goes to calcified tissue, the rest is excreted in urine
most fluoride is excreted via __
5-10% excreted via __
some of the rest excreted in __
most fluoride is excreted via kidneys
5-10% excreted via feces
some of the rest excreted in sweat
fluoride absorption is affected by conditions that affect __
fluoride absorption is affected by conditions that affect urinary pH
conditions that affect urinary pH
diabetes
renal acidosis
acidifying drugs
diet
fluoride in the skeleton, why is it beneficial?
replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite in teeth and bones makes them more resistant to acid and basteria
replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite lessesns __
replacement of OH- by F- in hydroxyapatite lessesns bone resorption
there is a rapidly exchangeable F- pool found __
there is a rapidly exchangeable F- pool found in the surface of bone crystal
when F- replaces OH-, hydroxyapatite becomes
hydroxifluorapatite
main minerals in toorth enamel and dentin are __ and __
main minerals in toorth enamel and dentin are hydroxyapatite and hydroxifluorapatite
dental caries are produced by
acid degradation of Ca2+ salts by bacteria
people who grew up with fluoridated water have 40-60% less __
people who grew up with fluoridated water have 40-60% less dental caries
F- prevents dental caries by:
1. increasing __ of enamel to acid attack
2. promote __ of lesions
3. decreases __ production by bacteria
F- prevents dental caries by:
1. increasing resistance of enamel to acid attack
2. promote re-mineralization of lesions
3. decreases acid production by bacteria
what is the one risk of excess F-?
mottled enamel (yellow teeth)
despite popular belief, F- does not cause:
- bone cancer
- bone fractures
- enamel fluorosis
- skeletal fluorosis
