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IHN: Biochemistry 2 > Coenzyme Q (CoQ) > Flashcards

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) Flashcards

1
Q

CoQ10 plays a role in cellular __ and is an important __

A

CoQ10 plays a role in cellular bioenergetics and is an important antioxidant

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2
Q

absorption of CoQ10 is slow and limited b/c of its __ and __

A

absorption of CoQ10 is slow and limited b/c of its hydrophobicity and large molecular weight

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3
Q

CoQ10 is taken up by all tissues including __ and __ __

A

CoQ10 is taken up by all tissues including heart and brain mitochondria

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4
Q

CoQ is a __ occurring compound with properties similar to __

A

CoQ is a naturally occurring compound with properties similar to vitamins

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5
Q

CoQ is aka

A

ubiquinone
bc it is ubiquitous

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6
Q

CoQ is similar to vitamin _

A

CoQ is similar to vitamin K

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7
Q

why is CoQ10 not considered a vitamin

A

bc it is synthesized in the body

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8
Q

CoQ10 is a cofactor in the __ and is therfore essential for production of __

A

CoQ10 is a cofactor in the mitochondrial ETC and is therfore essential for production of ATP

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9
Q

In ETC, CoQ10 is a __ agent that shuttles __ and __ in mitochondria

A

In ETC, CoQ10 is a redox agent that shuttles electrons and protons in mitochondria

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10
Q

CoQ10 reduced form is called

A

hydroquinone

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11
Q

hydroquinone (reduced CoQ10) helps to recycle and regenerate other __

A

hydroquinone (reduced CoQ10) helps to recycle and regenerate other antioxidants

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12
Q

CoQ10 supplements appear to help __ and __

A

CoQ10 supplements appear to help CVD and neurodegenerative diseases

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13
Q

CoQ10 is lipophilic/lipophobic

A

CoQ10 is lipophilic

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14
Q

absorption of CoQ10 is enhanced by the presence of __

A

absorption of CoQ10 is enhanced by the presence of lipids

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15
Q

gastric digestion of food matrix is important for __

A

gastric digestion of food matrix is important for CoQ10 digestion

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16
Q

after being absorbed, CoQ10 is packed into __ and transported via __ to circulation

A

after being absorbed, CoQ10 is packed into chylomicrons and transported via lymphatics to circulation

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17
Q

Does HDL contain any CoQ10?

A

a bit

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18
Q

absorption of CoQ10 once in enterocyte

A
  1. CoQ10 1st incorporated into chylomicrons following absorption and transported via the
    lymphatics to the circulation
  2. CoQ10 is reduced to ubiquinol either during or following absorption in the intestine
  3. Ubiquinol appears as part of mesenteric triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins
  4. Lipoprotien lipase converts mesenteric triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins into chylomicron
    remnants in circulation
  5. Chylomicron remnants are taken up rapidly by the liver where CoQ10 is repackaged
    mostly into VLDL/LDL particles and rereleased into circulation
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19
Q

plasma CoQ10 levels depend on __

A

plasma CoQ10 levels depend on plasma lipoproteins

20
Q

95% of CoQ10 in circulation exists as __ (__ form)

A

95% of CoQ10 in circulation exists as ubiquinol (reduced form)

21
Q

CoQ10 is found in __ tissues

A

CoQ10 is found in all tissues

22
Q

CoQ10 has higher concentrations in tissues with __ such as __, __, __, and __

A

CoQ10 has higher concentrations in tissues with higher energy requirements such as heart, liver, kidney, and muscle

23
Q

CoQ10 also has higher concentrations in tissues with high __ content, such as __

A

CoQ10 also has higher concentrations in tissues with high lipid content, such as membranes

24
Q

high conc of CoQ10 in which part of mitochondria?

A

inner membrane

25
Q

CoQ10 has highest conc in (2)

A
  1. tissues with high energy requirements
  2. parts of cell with high lipid content
26
Q

most CoQ10 is in the __ form except in the brain and lungs where it is in its __ form

A

most CoQ10 is in the reduced form except in the brain and lungs where it is in its oxidized form

27
Q

2 reduced forms of CoQ10

A

hydroquinone
ubiquinol

28
Q

RBC have __ CoQ10 bc

A

RBC have little CoQ10 bc they lack mitochondria

29
Q

CoQ10 is in most reduced state in (3) tissues

A

plasma
intestine
liver

30
Q

CoQ10 is synthesized de novo in __ tissues, so there is no need for __ supply

A

CoQ10 is synthesized de novo in all tissues, so there is no need for exogenous supply

31
Q

intestinal absorption of CoQ10 is __

A

intestinal absorption of CoQ10 is limited

32
Q

metabolism of CoQ10: what do we know?

A

not much

33
Q

metabolism studies with radiolabeled CoQ10 and CoQ7 indicate that it is stored in __ and reabsorbed with __

A

metabolism studies with radiolabeled CoQ10 and CoQ7 indicate that it is stored in liver and reabsorbed with bile

34
Q

in rats, exogenous CoQ10 can be converted to __

A

in rats, exogenous CoQ10 can be converted to CoQ9

35
Q

in a rat study with labeled CoQ10, all organs that took up labeled CoQ10 also contained __

A

in a rat study with labeled CoQ10, all organs that took up labeled CoQ10 also contained water soluble metabolites

36
Q

most CoQ10 is excreted by __, but some in __

A

most CoQ10 is excreted by kidneys, but some in feces

37
Q

CoQ10 is metabolized in __ tissues, the metabolites are __ in the cells, transported in the __ to the __, and excreted into the __

A

CoQ10 is metabolized in all tissues, the metabolites are phosphorylated in the cells, transported in the blood to the kidney, and excreted into the kidney

38
Q

main way to assess CoQ10 status

A

plasma or serum concentration from FASTED samples

39
Q

plasma CoQ10 levels reflect (2)

A
  1. amount of absorbed CoQ10
  2. Approximate tissue CoQ10 content
40
Q

how much does dietary CoQ10 contribute?

A

not much at all

41
Q

CoQ10 is used to treat __, __, and __ disease bc of its role in __ and __

A

CoQ10 is used to treat cardiovascular, mitochondrial, and neurologic disease bc of its role in mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics

42
Q

CoQ10 is present in __ tissues, especially those with __

takeaway

A

CoQ10 is present in ALL tissues, especially those with high energy requirements

43
Q

__ contain high conc of CoQ10

takeaway

A

mitochondria contain high conc of CoQ10

44
Q

CoQ10 is an important __ __

takeaway

A

CoQ10 is an important lipophilic antioxidant

45
Q

CoQ10 is synthesized de novo by __

takeaway

A

CoQ10 is synthesized de novo by eevry cell in the body

46
Q

CoQ10 is very __ and __, so absorption is slow and limited

A

CoQ10 is very hydrophobic and large, so absorption is slow and limited

IHN: Biochemistry 2 (38 decks)

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