Interactionist Analysis of Education Flashcards
Who created the Pygmalion Effect Study?
Rosenthal and Jacobson
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson want to show?
Children labelled as academic bloomers would do better 1 year later
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson do at the start of the experiment with the children?
They made them sit an exam
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson do after the exam was sat?
Picked random students names and told their teachers that they would be academic bloomers
What would the teachers then do in the Pygmalion Effect study?
Be a person of authority and label the students as academic bloomers
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson find?
1 year later, the children labelled academic bloomers did better in the exam
How do teachers generally label pupils?
Based on their shared characteristics
What do labels given to students by teachers do?
Potentially either positively or negatively impact their Education
Who created the concept of the ‘ideal pupil’?
Becker
Name 2 traits of the ideal pupil?
Finishes work on time, is a high achiever
How is an ideal pupil treated differently?
They are given more detailed feedback and encouraged to develop answers further
What does the concept of the ‘ideal pupil’ disprove in Functionalist Analysis of Education?
The idea of Universalistic standards being present in Education
Who created the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy and master status?
Becker
Which person in Education is able to apply a master status to a student?
A teacher
Which group of people in overall society are able to potentially apply a master status to others?
People with authority
What happens when Pupils gain a master status?
They make that status about their whole lives and then mirror that status
What is it called once a person fulfils their master status?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Which 2 types of shaming are there?
Disintegrative Shaming, Reintegrative Shaming
Who created the concept of Disintegrative and Reintegrative shaming?
Braithwaite
What is Disintegrative shaming?
Shaming which makes a person less likely to improve their behaviour
What is Reintegrative shaming?
Shaming that makes a person more likely to improve their behaviour
What did Hargreaves suggest?
Pupils create anti-school subcultures as a reaction to a label they have been given
What labels were people in Hargreaves Anti-School Subculture given?
‘Multiple Failures’ Label
What was the ‘Multiple failures’ label idea?
The idea that the failures were attending a poor quality school, being in the lowest sets, and achieving low grades
What does Hargreaves argue the anti-school subcultures tried to do with their negative labels?
Try to make them from negative labels in to positive labels
What is an example of how these negative labels became positive within the anti-school subculture Hargreaves studied?
They gained status in their culture by breaking the rules
What did Hargreaves find with youth cultures in school opposite to the anti-school subculture?
Higher achieving pupils came together for each others company
Who argued Pupils were labelled according to their social class?
Dunne and Gazeley
What did Dunne and Gazeley find when interviewing 9 secondary schools?
Working class underachievement was normalised
What did Dunne and Gazeley find teachers assumed with working class pupils?
They assumed they would be disruptive and underachieving from the beginning
What was the impact of the assumptions by teachers in Dunne and Gazeleys study?
Working class students would be placed in lower sets, making it difficult for them to achieve anything
Which Interactionists argued Pupils were labelled according to ethnicity?
Gillborn and Youdell
What did Gillborn and Youdell say about the expectations of teachers?
They had racialised expectations
What were the racialised expectations of teachers found by Gillborn and Youdell?
Black students presenting negative behaviour would be dealt with more harshly
What was the impact of black students being responded to negatively by teachers?
They were more likely to rebel against the teacher more
Who studied the responses that black students made to racism?
Sewell
What is ‘Black Machismo’?
The idea that sees all black boys as rebellious and aggressive pupils
What were the 4 adaptations Sewell found of Black students?
They became rebels, conformists, retreatists, innovators
What was the ‘rebel’ response of the black students?
They would commit more deviant acts and get suspended or excluded
What was the ‘Conformist’ response of the black students?
They were keen to succeed so continued to try in school
What was the ‘Retreatist’ response of the black students?
They became disconnected from school entirely
What was the ‘Innovator’ response from the black students?
Students stayed anti-school but were still pro-education
Which Interactionist argued labels by teachers led to anti-school subculture formation?
Hargreaves
How did Hargreaves find deviant students had been labelled as?
They had been labelled as multiple failures
What did it mean if students were labelled as multiple failures?
There was not just a focus on labelling them for poor behaviour
Name 2 negative labels contributing to the multiple failures label
The poor quality of school they went to, poor performance in exams
How did students feel according to Hargreaves in terms of resistance to school?
They felt they were fighting back against negative labelling
