All Marxist/Neo-Marxist Education Studies

Question 1

What did Bowles and Gintis say was the function of the hidden curriculum?

Answer 1

It acted to make working class children prepared for low status jobs

Question 2

Which Neo-Marxists said meritocracy was a myth?

Answer 2

Bowles and Gintis

Question 3

According to Bowles and Gintis, who will working class students blame for their failure?

Answer 3

They will blame themselves

Question 4

What would Bowles and Gintis argue the working class students should blame for their failure instead?

Answer 4

Capitalism

Question 5

What did Althusser say the education system acted as?

Answer 5

Ideological state apparatus

Question 6

What is ideological state apparatus?

Answer 6

Sections of society that enforce ruling class norms and values

Question 7

According to Althusser, what is hegemony?

Answer 7

The process through which people are socialised into ruling class norms and values

Question 8

Which Neo-Marxist argued cultural capital was essential to educational success?

Answer 8

Bourdieu

Question 9

Name 2 things that give people cultural capital

Answer 9

Having lots of books in their house, Going to museums

Question 10

According to Bourdieu, how does cultural capital benefit students in school?

Answer 10

They are better at communicating with teachers

Question 11

Which social class of pupils are more likely to have cultural capital?

Answer 11

Middle class students

Question 12

How did Bourne add on to Bourdieu’s theory?

Answer 12

Said it was also important to consider the education of students’ parents

Question 13

What did Bourne say about the attainment and upbringing of parents in relation to privilege?

Answer 13

Privilege breeds privilege

Question 14

Who studied the lads?

Answer 14

Willis

Question 15

What was the social class of the lads?

Answer 15

Working class

Question 16

How did the lads act in lessons?

Answer 16

They misbehaved

Question 17

What did the lads call their misbehaviour in lessons?

Answer 17

Having a “laff”

Question 18

Name 2 behaviours of the lads in their lessons

Answer 18

Not listening to the teacher, not doing their work

Question 19

Why did the lads act in a deviant way?

Answer 19

To prepare for the mundane life of working in a factory

Question 20

Who were the lads’ role models? What jobs did they have?

Answer 20

Their fathers, they worked in a factory

Question 21

What did Willis find in the 6 months of observing the lads in their factory jobs?

Answer 21

They continued to be deviant

Question 22

How did the children in Archer’s study feel in terms of status?

Answer 22

They felt they had very little status

Question 23

In Archer’s study, what identity did the children create for themselves?

Answer 23

Nike identities

Question 24

Why did the students in Archer’s study make Nike identities?

Answer 24

To feel like they had value

Question 25

What did the nike identities lead to with teachers?

Answer 25

Teachers told them off

Question 26

What did Archer say was created by the Nike identities being negatively received by the education system?

Answer 26

It reproduced class inequalities

Question 27

What did Sugarman say?

Answer 27

Working class students were socialised into different norms than middle class students

Question 28

According to Sugarman, what does the value of immediate gratification mean for working class students?

Answer 28

They will only want instant rewards rather than working hard to get rewards

Question 29

According to Sugarman, what is the value of Fatalism?

Answer 29

Working class people are told to accept their class situation and think they cannot change it

Question 30

Which Neo-Marxist said there were language codes separating middle class and working class students?

Answer 30

Bernstein

Question 31

What is the elaborated code?

Answer 31

The technical way of speaking

Question 32

What is the restricted code?

Answer 32

The less technical way of speaking

Question 33

Who did Bernstein say will speak in restricted code mostly?

Answer 33

Working class students

Question 34

What code did Bernstein say schools talk in?

Answer 34

Elaborated code

Question 35

According to Bernstein, what will it mean if working class students and the education system use different language codes?

Answer 35

Working class students will be more likely to fail